Kalifornium

Kalifornium, ₉₈Cf
Sifat umum
Nama, simbol	kalifornium, Cf
Pengucapan	/ˌkælᵻˈfɔːrniəm/; KAL-i-FOR-nee-əm
Penampilan	keperakan
Kalifornium di tabel periodik
	berkelium ← kalifornium → einsteinium
Nomor atom (Z)	98
Golongan, blok	golongan n/a, blok-f
Periode	periode 7
Kategori unsur	actinide
Bobot atom standar (Ar)	(251)
Konfigurasi elektron	[Rn] 5f10 7s2
per kelopak	2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
Sifat fisika
Fase	solid
Titik lebur	1173 K (900 °C, 1652 °F)
Titik didih	1743 K (1470 °C, 2678 (estimation) °F)
Kepadatan mendekati s.k.	15.1 g/cm3
Sifat atom
Bilangan oksidasi	2, 3, 4
Elektronegativitas	Skala Pauling: 1.3
Lain-lain
Struktur kristal	heksagon sederhana
Skala Mohs	3–4
Nomor CAS	7440-71-3
Isotop kalifornium terstabil
SF (2.9×10−3%)	–
SF (5.0×10−7%)	–
SF (0.08%)	–
SF (3.09%)	–
α (0.31%)	249Cm
α (0.31%)	250Cm
	Isotope references:
	lihat; bicara; sunting; \| referensi \| di Wikidata

Kalifornium (pengucapan: /ˌkælɪˈforniəm/) adalah unsur kimia dalam sistem periodik unsur yang memiliki lambang Cf dan nomor atom 98.

ReferensiSunting

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d CRC 2006, hlm. 4.56.
^ CRC 2006, hlm. 1.14.
^ Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. hlm. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2011.
^ Greenwood 1997, hlm. 1265.
^ Emsley 1998, hlm. 50.
^ CRC 1991, hlm. 254.
^ CRC 2006, hlm. 11.196.
^ NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager), ed. "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-01.

BacaanSunting

Cotton, F. Albert (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (edisi ke-6th). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-19957-1.
CRC contributors (1991). Walker, Perrin; Tarn, William H., ed. Handbook of Metal Etchants. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-3623-2.
CRC contributors (2006). Lide, David R., ed. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-87th). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-0-8493-0487-3.
Cunningham, B. B. (1968). "Californium". Dalam Hampel, Clifford A. The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. Reinhold Book Corporation. LCCN 68-29938.
Emsley, John (1998). The Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-855818-7.
Emsley, John (2001). "Californium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
Greenwood, N. N. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2nd). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9.
Haire, Richard G. (2006). "Californium". Dalam Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (edisi ke-3rd). Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
Heiserman, David L. (1992). "Element 98: Californium". Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. TAB Books. ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9.
Jakubke, Hans-Dieter; Jeschkeit, Hans, ed. (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. trans. rev. Eagleson, Mary. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5.
Krebs, Robert (2006). The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement (2008). Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-11014-3.
O'Neil, Marydale J.; Heckelman, Patricia E.; Roman, Cherie B., ed. (2006). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (edisi ke-14th). Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1.
Osborne-Lee, I. W.; Alexander, C. W. (1995). "Californium-252: A Remarkable Versatile Radioisotope". Oak Ridge Technical Report ORNL/TM-12706. doi:10.2172/205871.
Ruiz-Lapuente, P.; Canal, R.; Isern, J. (1996). Thermonuclear Supernovae. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-7923-4359-2.
Seaborg, Glenn T.; Loveland, Walter D. (1990). The Elements Beyond Uranium. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-89062-1.
Seaborg, G. T. (1994). Modern alchemy: selected papers of Glenn T. Seaborg. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-1440-1.
Seaborg, G. T. (1996). Adloff, J. P., ed. One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. ISBN 978-3-486-64252-0.
Seaborg, Glenn T. (2004). "Californium". Dalam Geller, Elizabeth. Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry. McGraw-Hill. hlm. 94. ISBN 978-0-07-143953-4.
Szwacki, Nevill Gonzalez; Szwacka, Teresa (2010). Basic Elements of Crystallography. Pan Stanford. ISBN 978-981-4241-59-5.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1968). "21: Modern Alchemy". Discovery of the Elements. Journal of Chemical Education. hlm. 848–850. ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8. LCCN 68-15217.

Pranala luarSunting

Artikel bertopik kimia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[FOOTNOTECRC20064.56-1] CRC 2006, hlm. 4.56.

[FOOTNOTECRC20061.14-2] CRC 2006, hlm. 1.14.

[3] Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. hlm. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2011.

[FOOTNOTEGreenwood19971265-4] Greenwood 1997, hlm. 1265.

[FOOTNOTEEmsley199850-5] Emsley 1998, hlm. 50.

[FOOTNOTECRC1991254-6] CRC 1991, hlm. 254.

[FOOTNOTECRC200611.196-7] CRC 2006, hlm. 11.196.

[NNDC2008-8] NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager), ed. "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-01.

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