Operasi Odyssey Dawn

Operation Odyssey Dawn
	Bagian dari the Intervensi militer AS 2011 and the Perang Sipil Libya
	; The USS Barry (DDG-52) fires a Tomahawk cruise missile during Operation Odyssey Dawn.
Lokasi	Libya
Hasil	Kemenangan NATO secara mutlak; Pembuatan zona larang terbang;
Pihak terlibat
Belgia; Kanada; Denmark; Italia; Belanda; Norwegia; Qatar; Spanyol; Uni Emirat Arab; Amerika Serikat	Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Barack Obama; Presiden Amerika Serikat and; Commander in Chief dari Angkatan Bersenjata AS; Robert Gates; U.S. Secretary of Defense; GEN Carter Ham, USA; U.S. Africa Command Commander; ADM Samuel Locklear, USN; Joint Task Force Commander; VADM Harry Harris, USN; Joint Forces Maritime Component Commander; Maj Gen Margaret Woodward, USAF; Joint Forces Air Component Commander	Muammar Gaddafi †; De facto Commander-in-Chief; Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr †; Menteri Pertahanan Libya; Khamis al-Gaddafi †; Khamis Brigade Komandan; Ali Sharif al-Rifi; Air Force Komandan
Kekuatan
80 pesawat tempur ; 40 pesawat pendukung ; 3 kapal selam ; 11 kapal perang	490 tanks; 240 mobile rocket launchers; 35 helicopters; 113 air-land attack fighters; 229 air fighters; 7 bombers
Korban
1 F-15E (kerusakan mesin, kru selamat) ; 1 MQ-8B Fire Scout (ditembak jatuh)	Banyak pertahanan anti-udara rusak
	114 penduduk sipil terbunuh and 445 terluka (Klaim dari Libya)*; 40 civilians killed (di Tripoli, menurut Vatican)
	*Pendapat dari pihak Libya belum dapat dikonfirmasi Militer AS tidak tahu bila ada korban di pihak sipil

Operasi Odyssey Dawn (bahasa Inggris: Operation Odyssey Dawn) adalah kata sandi untuk partisipasi Amerika Serikat di dalam penegakan zona larangan terbang Libya.^[10] Operasi militer yang dilakukan Britania Raya adalah Operasi Ellamy, Kanada melakukan Operasi MOBILE, dan Prancis melakukan Operasi Harmattan.

Pasukan yang dikerahkan

Angkatan Bersenjata Belgia
- Belgian Air Component
  - 6 F-16AM 15MLU Falcon pesawat tempur beroperasi dari Araxos Air Base, Yunani.
Canadian Forces
- Royal Canadian Air Force^[11]
  - Total 440 personel
  - 7 pesawat tempur CF-18 Hornet berasal dari Trapani-Birgi Airport, Italia
  - 2 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar Airbus CC-150 Polaris beroperasi dari Trapani-Birgi Airport, Italia
  - 2 pesawat patroli maritim Lockheed CP-140 Aurora beroperasi dari Naval Air Station Sigonella, Sisilia, Italia
  - 2 CC-177 Globemaster III
  - 2 pesawat pengangkut CC-130J Super Hercules
- Royal Canadian Navy^[11]
  - Fregat HMCS Charlottetown^[12]
Danish Armed Forces^[13]
- Royal Danish Air Force
  - 6 pesawat tempur F-16AM 15MLU Falcon
  - 1 pesawat pengangkut C-130J-30
Italian Armed Forces
- Italian Air Force^[14]
  - 4 pesawat peperangan elektronik Tornado ECR
  - 4 pesawat tempur F-16A 15ADF Falcon yang berfungsi sebagai pengawal
  - 1 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar C-130 J beroperasi dari Trapani Air Base
Netherlands Armed Forces
- Royal Netherlands Air Force^[15]^[16]
  - 6 pesawat tempur F-16AM 15MLU Falcon dari Decimomannu Air Base, Italia
  - 1 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar KDC10
Angkatan Bersenjata Norwegia^[17]^[18]
- Royal Norwegian Air Force
  - 6 pesawat tempur F-16AM 15MLU Falcon ^[19]
  - 2 pesawat pengangkut C-130J-30 untuk mendukung pasukan Norwegia.^[20]
Angkatan Bersenjata Qatar
- Qatar Emiri Air Force^[21]
  - 6 pesawat tempur Mirage 2000-5EDA
  - 2 pesawat pengangkut C-17 Globemaster III
Angkatan Bersenjata Spanyol^[22]
- Angkatan Udara Spanyol
- Angkatan Laut Spanyol^[24]
  - Fregat AEGIS F-104 Méndez Núñez
  - Kapal selam pemburu S-74 Tramontana
Union Defence Force^[25]
- Angkatan Udara United Arab Emirates
  - 6 pesawat tempur F-16E/F Block 60 Falcon
  - 6 pesawat tempur Dassault Mirage 2000
Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat
- United States Navy^[26]
  - USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20), kapal komando Armada Keenam Amerika Serikat
    - The Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group, terdiri dari :
      - USS Kearsarge (LHD-3), a kapal serang amfibi kelas Wasp
      - USS Ponce (LPD-15), an kapal transportasi kelas Austin
      - USS Carter Hall (LSD-50), kapal Harpers Ferry-class kapal pendarat
      - bersama dengan 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit
    - USS Barry (DDG-52), Arleigh Burke-class kapal perusak
    - USS Stout (DDG-55), Arleigh Burke-class kapal perusak
    - USS Providence (SSN-719), Los Angeles-class kapal selam nuklir^{[Note 1]}
    - USS Scranton (SSN-756), Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine
    - USS Florida (SSGN-728), submarine kelas-Ohio kapal selam^[28]
    - USNS Kanawha, Henry J. Kaiser-class oiler ^[29]
    - USNS Lewis and Clark, dry cargo ship kelas Lewis and Clark^[30]
    - USNS Robert E. Peary, dry cargo ship kelas Lewis and Clark
  - 5 pesawat peperangan elektronik EA-18G Growler ^[31]^[32]
  - 2 pesawat patroli maritim P-3C Update 3
  - 2 pesawat patroli maritim P-3C AIP
- Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat^[33]
  - 3 pesawat pembom strategis B-2 Spirit ^[34]
  - 2 pesawat pembom strategis B-1B ^[35]
  - 10 pesawat tempur F-15E Strike Eagle dari RAF Lakenheath^[31]^[36]
  - 8 pesawat tempur F-16C Fighting Falcon dari Spangdahlem Air Base
  - 2 helikopter utilitas HH-60 Pave Hawk
  - 3 pesawat peperangan elektronik E-3 Sentry bertugas sebagai pesawat peringatan dini
  - 3 pesawat peperangan elektronik E-8C sebagai pesawat manajemen pertempuran
  - 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik EC-130H
  - 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik EC-130Jsebagai pesawat untuk perang urat saraf dan propaganda
  - 1 pesawat peperangan elektronik RC-135V/W Rivet Joint untuk pengintaian elektronik^[37]
  - 2 pesawat serang darat AC-130U gunships
  - 4 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar KC-10A Extender
  - 20 pesawat pengisi bahan bakar KC-135 Stratotanker
  - 6 pesawat serang darat A-10 Thunderbolt
  - 6 pesawat tidak berawak Global Hawk
  - Predator/Reaper UAV
- Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat
  - 4 pesawat serang darat AV-8B Harrier II ^[31]^[38]
  - 400 Marinir dari 1st Battalion 2nd Marines from Camp Lejeune
  - 2 helikopter utilitas MV-22 Osprey dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.^[4]
  - 2CH-53E Super Stallions dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.^[4]
  - 1 KC-130J Hercules dari 26th MEU, ikut dalam upaya penyelamatan pilot.^[4]
- Central Intelligence Agency
  - Agen CIA mengumpulkan informasi politik dan militer^[39]

Catatan

^ USS Providence left the area some time around 27–28 March.^[27]

Referensi

^ Cohen, Tom (20 March 2011). "Mullen: No-fly zone effectively in place in Libya". CNN. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.
^ "Gaddafi Attacked City of Misrata; US to Bomb More , The World Reporter: News Opinion and Analysis". The World Reporter. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
^ Ackerman, Spencer (22 March 2011). "F-15 Crew Ejects Over Libya After Mechanical Failure". Danger Room, Wired.com. Condé Nast. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lamothe, Dan (22 March 2011). "Details of Marines' pilot rescue released". Marine Corps Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-26. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2011.
^ Joshua Stewart (5 August 2011). "Navy: UAV likely downed by pro-Gadhafi forces". Navy Times. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.
^ "Mid-East crisis as it happened: 25 March ". BBC News. 25 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2011.
^ "Vatican: Airstrikes killed 40 civilians in Tripoli". 31 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2011.
^ "Gaddafi denounces foreign intervention". Al Jazeera English. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.
^ By the CNN Wire Staff (21 March 2011). "CNN. March 20, 2011". CNN. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "News Article: Coalition Launches Operation Odyssey Dawn". Defense.gov. 2009-03-12. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-19.
^ ^a ^b "Update on CF Operations in Libya"^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} Canadian Forces website, 22 March 2011
^ "Canadian Forces Deploy Maritime Patrol Aircraft In Response To Situation In Libya" Diarsipkan 2012-09-22 di Wayback Machine. Canadian Forces website, 25 March 2011
^ "Denmark to send squadron on Libya op" (dalam bahasa Danish). Politiken.dk. 14 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2011.
^ "La Russa: Presto altri aerei italiani". rainews24.it. 22 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.
^ Lieven Dewitte (24 March 2011) Dutch contribute six F-16s and a KDC-10 to Odyssey Dawn F-16.net
^ Claire Taylor and Ben Smith (4 April 2011) Military Operations in Libya Diarsipkan 2011-04-27 di Wayback Machine. House of Commons Library, www.parliament.uk (UK Parliament Website)
^ "> Norske fly under amerikansk kommando". fvn.no. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-26. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ 23 March 2011 (23 March 2011). "Fighter jets put under US command : Views and News from Norway". Newsinenglish.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "Vet ikke hvilke farer som møter dem – nyheter". Dagbladet.no. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "Faremo: – Ikke aktuelt å væpne libyske opprørere – Nyheter – Innenriks". Aftenposten.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "New coalition member flies first sortie enforcing no-fly zone over Libya". Joint Task Force Odyssey Dawn Public Affairs. 25 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-18. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2011.
^ "Ministerio de Defensa – Dos cazas y el avión de reabastecimiento realizan la primera patrulla aérea en Libia". Mde.es. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "Las fuerzas españolas tienen luz verde para abrir fuego". larazon.es. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-25. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.
^ "Spanish Fighter Jets Complete First Patrol Over Libya". webcitation.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-04. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.
^ (AFP) – 27 Mar 2011 (27 March 2011). "AFP: UAE fighter jets arrive in Italy for Libya operations". Google. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-28. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ Dagher, Sam (21 March 2011). "Allies Press Libya Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama AFPMar29
^ Media, Defense. "U.S. Naval Forces Open Odyssey Dawn, Prepare No-Fly Zone". Navy.mil. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-22. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
^ "Greek Defence Ministry: No participation in operations outside the NATO". Keep Talking Greece. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ "Pentagon Briefing slides" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-04-08. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Wide array of U.S. warplanes used in Libya attacks". CNN. 1 April 2011.
^ "Roughead: Ships Were Ready for Odyssey Dawn". American Forces Press Service. 23 March 2011.
^ "Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields – World Watch". CBS News. 19 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-25. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.
^ Morning Edition (21 March 2011). "B-2 Bombers From Missouri Hit Libyan Targets". NPR. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.
^ Schmitt, Eric (28 March 2011). "U.U. Gives Its Air Power Expansive Role In Libya". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2011.
^ Owen, Glen; Carlin, Brendan; Gallagher, Ian (20 March 2011). "'Odyssey Dawn': U.S. cruise missiles herald the beginning of the end for Gaddafi as the West loses patience with Libya". Daily Mail. UK.
^ "Qaddafi Is Attacking Civilians With Elite Units, Official Says". Business Week. 26 March 2011.
^ "Marine jets involved in Libya airstrikes". Marine Corps Times. 20 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-04. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.
^ "U.S. officials, opposition warn Libya could get bloodier". CNN. 1 April 2011.

[28] USS Providence left the area some time around 27–28 March.^[27]

[1] Cohen, Tom (20 March 2011). "Mullen: No-fly zone effectively in place in Libya". CNN. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.

[2] "Gaddafi Attacked City of Misrata; US to Bomb More , The World Reporter: News Opinion and Analysis". The World Reporter. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.

[3] Ackerman, Spencer (22 March 2011). "F-15 Crew Ejects Over Libya After Mechanical Failure". Danger Room, Wired.com. Condé Nast. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.

[USMCrescue-4] Lamothe, Dan (22 March 2011). "Details of Marines' pilot rescue released". Marine Corps Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-26. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2011.

[5] Joshua Stewart (5 August 2011). "Navy: UAV likely downed by pro-Gadhafi forces". Navy Times. Diakses tanggal 13 January 2013.

[6] "Mid-East crisis as it happened: 25 March ". BBC News. 25 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2011.

[7] "Vatican: Airstrikes killed 40 civilians in Tripoli". 31 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2011.

[8] "Gaddafi denounces foreign intervention". Al Jazeera English. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 March 2011.

[9] By the CNN Wire Staff (21 March 2011). "CNN. March 20, 2011". CNN. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[DODNewsArticle-10] "News Article: Coalition Launches Operation Odyssey Dawn". Defense.gov. 2009-03-12. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-19.

[forces1-11] "Update on CF Operations in Libya"^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} Canadian Forces website, 22 March 2011

[12] "Canadian Forces Deploy Maritime Patrol Aircraft In Response To Situation In Libya" Diarsipkan 2012-09-22 di Wayback Machine. Canadian Forces website, 25 March 2011

[13] "Denmark to send squadron on Libya op" (dalam bahasa Danish). Politiken.dk. 14 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2011.

[14] "La Russa: Presto altri aerei italiani". rainews24.it. 22 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.

[F16net-15] Lieven Dewitte (24 March 2011) Dutch contribute six F-16s and a KDC-10 to Odyssey Dawn F-16.net

[UKParl-16] Claire Taylor and Ben Smith (4 April 2011) Military Operations in Libya Diarsipkan 2011-04-27 di Wayback Machine. House of Commons Library, www.parliament.uk (UK Parliament Website)

[17] "> Norske fly under amerikansk kommando". fvn.no. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-26. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[18] 23 March 2011 (23 March 2011). "Fighter jets put under US command : Views and News from Norway". Newsinenglish.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[19] "Vet ikke hvilke farer som møter dem – nyheter". Dagbladet.no. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[20] "Faremo: – Ikke aktuelt å væpne libyske opprørere – Nyheter – Innenriks". Aftenposten.no. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[21] "New coalition member flies first sortie enforcing no-fly zone over Libya". Joint Task Force Odyssey Dawn Public Affairs. 25 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-18. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2011.

[22] "Ministerio de Defensa – Dos cazas y el avión de reabastecimiento realizan la primera patrulla aérea en Libia". Mde.es. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[23] "Las fuerzas españolas tienen luz verde para abrir fuego". larazon.es. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-25. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.

[24] "Spanish Fighter Jets Complete First Patrol Over Libya". webcitation.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-04. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.

[25] (AFP) – 27 Mar 2011 (27 March 2011). "AFP: UAE fighter jets arrive in Italy for Libya operations". Google. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-28. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[26] Dagher, Sam (21 March 2011). "Allies Press Libya Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.

[AFPMar29-27] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama AFPMar29

[29] Media, Defense. "U.S. Naval Forces Open Odyssey Dawn, Prepare No-Fly Zone". Navy.mil. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-22. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.

[30] "Greek Defence Ministry: No participation in operations outside the NATO". Keep Talking Greece. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[autogenerated4-31] "Pentagon Briefing slides" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-04-08. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-26.

[CNNplanes-32] "Wide array of U.S. warplanes used in Libya attacks". CNN. 1 April 2011.

[33] "Roughead: Ships Were Ready for Odyssey Dawn". American Forces Press Service. 23 March 2011.

[34] "Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields – World Watch". CBS News. 19 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-25. Diakses tanggal 21 March 2011.

[autogenerated3-35] Morning Edition (21 March 2011). "B-2 Bombers From Missouri Hit Libyan Targets". NPR. Diakses tanggal 19 May 2011.

[autogenerated5-36] Schmitt, Eric (28 March 2011). "U.U. Gives Its Air Power Expansive Role In Libya". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 29 March 2011.

[37] Owen, Glen; Carlin, Brendan; Gallagher, Ian (20 March 2011). "'Odyssey Dawn': U.S. cruise missiles herald the beginning of the end for Gaddafi as the West loses patience with Libya". Daily Mail. UK.

[38] "Qaddafi Is Attacking Civilians With Elite Units, Official Says". Business Week. 26 March 2011.

[39] "Marine jets involved in Libya airstrikes". Marine Corps Times. 20 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-04. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2011.

[40] "U.S. officials, opposition warn Libya could get bloodier". CNN. 1 April 2011.

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[Note 1]

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