Ikan tombak
| Ikan tombak | |
|---|---|
| |
| Northern pike (E. lucius) | |
| Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
| Kerajaan: | |
| Filum: | |
| Kelas: | |
| Superordo: | |
| Ordo: | |
| Famili: | G. Cuvier, 1817
|
| Genus: | Esox Linnaeus, 1758
|
| Spesies tipe | |
| Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Esox atau ikan tombak dalah suatu genus dari ikan air tawar, satu-satunya genus yang masih hidup dalam keluarga Esocidae —yang merupakan endemik di Amerika Utara, Eropa dan Eurasia selama masa Paleogen sampai saat ini.[2] Spesies dari genus ini dikenal sebagai pike (ikan tombak) dan pickerel, dan dalam heraldik seekor ikan dari genus tersebut biasanya disebut lucy (heraldik Inggris) atau ged (heraldik Skotlandia).[3][4] Spesies jenisnya adalah E. lucius atau Esox lucius, ikan tombak utara.
Spesies ikan tombak besar berasal dari zona ekologi Palearktik dan Nearktik, berkisar di seluruh Amerika Utara bagian utara dan dari Eropa Barat ke Siberia di Eurasia..
Spesies sunting
Saat ini ada tujuh spesies yang telah dikenali dalam genus ini:
- Esox aquitanicus Denys, Dettai, Persat, Hautecœur & Keith, 2014 (Aquitanian pike) [5]
- Esox americanus J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (American pickerel)
- Esox americanus americanus J. F. Gmelin, 1789 (Redfin pickerel)
- Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846 (Grass pickerel)
- Esox cisalpinus Bianco & Delmastro, 2011 (Southern pike) [6]
- Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 (Northern pike)
- Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824 (Muskellunge)
- Esox niger Lesueur, 1818 (Chain pickerel)
- Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869 (Amur pike)
Satu spesies fosil, Esox kronneri Grande, 1999, diketahui dari Eosen saat pembentukan Green River.[7]
Referensi sunting
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2008). "Esocidae" in FishBase. December 2008 version.
- ^ PaleoBiology Database: Esox, basic info
- ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). A Complete Guide to Heraldry. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack. hlm. 255. LCCN 09023803.
- ^ Woodward, John (1892). A treatise on heraldry, British and foreign. Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston. hlm. 694. LCCN 02020303.
- ^ Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Persat, H., Hautecœur, M. & Keith, P. (2014). Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Three Species of Pikes Esox spp. (Actinopterygii, Esocidae) in France, including the Description of A New Species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337 (9): 521–534.
- ^ Lucentini, Puletti, Ricciolini, Gigliarelli, Fontaneto, Lanfaloni, Bilò, Natali, Panara (2011). Molecular and Phenotypic Evidence of a New Species of Genus Esox (Esocidae, Esociformes, Actinopterygii): The Southern Pike, Esox flaviae. PLoS ONE 6(12): e25218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025218
- ^ Grande, L. (1999). "The First Esox (Esocidae: Teleostei) from the Eocene Green River Formation, and a Brief Review of Esocid Fishes". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (2): 271–292. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011141.
Pranala luar sunting
- "Esox". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2004.
- Oxford English Dictionary, s.vv. "Esox", "Ged1", and "Pike, n.4".
- Pike in Your Waters Diarsipkan 2007-02-21 di Wayback Machine., the Pike Anglers Club, pub 2003
- Pike Preservation - Fishing Equipment Diarsipkan 2016-09-02 di Wayback Machine., Pike Fishing Scotland
- Float Tube Fishing In Ireland Pike Fishing from a Float Tube
- Pike Fishing in Denmark Coarse Fishing in Denmark Diarsipkan 2020-11-23 di Wayback Machine.
- Pike Fishing in Scotland Coarse Fishing in the Highlands
- River Swimming Water Safety Diarsipkan 2015-07-29 di Wayback Machine. mentions Pike attack as a risk of open water swimming. Accessed on 21 October 2007