Sejarah Israel dan Yehuda kuno

Israel dan Yudea adalah kerajaan Zaman Besi terkait dari Levant kuno. Kerajaan Israel didirikan sebagai kekuatan lokal berpengaruh pada abad ke-9 SM sebelum jatuh ke tangan Kekaisaran Neo-Asiria pada 722 SM. Tetangga selatan Israel, Kerajaan Yudea, berdiri pada abad ke-8 SM^[1] dan menikmati masa kejayaan sebagai negara klien Asiria pertama dan kemudian Babilonia sebelum pemberontakan melawan Kekaisaran Neo-Babilonia yang berujung pada kehancurannya pada 586 SM. Setelah Babilonia jatuh ke tangan raja Persia Sirus Agung pada 539 SM, beberapa orang Yudea yang diasingkan kembali ke Yerusalem, memulai periode formatif dalam pengembangan identitas Yudea khas di provinsi Persia Yehud. Yehud dimasukkan dalam kerajaan-kerajaan Helenistik setelah penaklukan Aleksander Agung, namun pada abad ke-2 SM, bangsa Yudea memberontak terhadap Kerajaan Seleukia dan membuat kerajaan Hasmonean. kerajaan tersebut, yang menjadi kerajaan Yudea independen secara nominal terakhir, berakhir pada 63 SM saat ditaklukan oleh Pompey dari Roma. Dengan pembentukan kerajaan-kerajaan klien di bawah kekuasaan Dinasti Herodian, Kerajaan Israel dihadapai dengan gangguan-gangguan sipil yang terjadi dalam Perang Romawi-Yahudi Pertama, penghancuran Bait Allah, munculnya Yudaisme Rabbinik dan Gereja Perdana.

Periode sunting

Zaman Besi I: 1200–1000
Zaman Besi II: 1000–586
Neo-Babilonia: 586–539
Persia: 539–332
Helenistik: 332–53^[2]

Lihat pula sunting

Referensi sunting

Kutipan sunting

^ Grabbe 2008, pp. 225–6.
^ King & Stager 2001, hlm. xxiii.

Daftar pustaka sunting

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Bacaan tambahan sunting

Templat:Alkitab dan sejarah Templat:Topik Israel

[Grabbe_2008,_pp._225–6-1] Grabbe 2008, pp. 225–6.

[FOOTNOTEKingStager2001xxiii-2] King & Stager 2001, hlm. xxiii.

[1]

[2]