Empirisme

John Locke (1632 – 1704),seorang filsuf terkemuka empirisme inggris

Empirisme adalah suatu aliran dalam filsafat yang menyatakan bahwa semua pengetahuan berasal dari pengalaman manusia. Empirisme menolak anggapan bahwa manusia telah membawa fitrah pengetahuan dalam dirinya ketika dilahirkan. Empirisme lahir di Inggris dengan tiga eksponennya adalah David Hume, George Berkeley dan John Locke. Ajaran empirisme memberikan kebimbangan kepada sains dan agama pada zaman modern filsafat, sehingga dapat diasumsikan mengecilkan peranan akal. Istilah empirisme sendiri berasal dari bahasa Yunani empeirin yang berarti coba-coba atau pengalaman. Sebagai suatu doktrin, empirisme adalah lawan rasionalisme. Untuk memahami isi doktrin ini perlu dipahami lebih dahulu dua ciri pokok empirisme, yaitu mengenai teori tentang makna dan teori tentang pengetahuan. Teori makna dinyatakan sebagai teori tentang asal pengetahuan, yaitu asal-usul idea atau konsep. Sedangkan teori tentang pengetahuan menyatakan bahwa semua kebenaran adalah kebenaran a posteriori, yaitu kebenaran yang diperoleh melalui observasi.

Bacaan lanjutan

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• randy.ambon

Pranala luar

• (Inggris) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• (Inggris) Theory of Knowledge: An Introduction to Empiricism