Bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook
bahasa Polinesia Timur di Kepulauan Cook
Bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook adalah bahasa Polinesia Timur yang merupakan bahasa resmi di Kepulauan Cook. Bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook berkerabat dekat dengan bahasa Maori Selandia Baru, tetapi merupakan bahasa yang berbeda. Bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook cukup disebut Maori jika tidak perlu untuk membedakannya dari bahasa Maori Selandia Baru, tetapi bahasa ini juga dikenal sebagai Maori Kuki Airani atau, secara kontroversial,[9] Rarotonga. Banyak orang Kepulauan Cook juga menyebutnya Te reo Ipukarea, yang bermakna "bahasa Leluhur Tanah Air".
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Dialektologi
suntingMeskipun kebanyakan kata dalam berbagai dialek bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook mirip, ada beberapa perbedaan:
| Rarotonga | Aitutaki | Mangaia | Ngāputoru | Manihiki | Tongareva | Indonesia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tuatua | ʻautara | taratara | araara | vananga | akaiti | berbicara |
| ʻānau | ʻānau | ʻānau | fanau | hanau | keluarga | |
| kūmara | kūʻara | kūʻara | kūmara | kūmara | kumala | ubi jalar |
| kāre | kāʻore, ʻāʻore | eʻi, ʻāore | ʻāita, kāre | kaua, kāre | kore | tidak, bukan |
| tātā | kiriti | tātā | tātā | tātā | tata | menulis |
| ʻura | koni | ʻura | ʻingo, oriori, ʻura | hupahupa | kosaki | menari |
| ʻakaipoipo | ʻakaipoipo | ʻāʻāipoipo | ʻakaipoipo | fakaipoipo | selenga | pernikahan |
| ʻīkoke | koroio | rakiki | tūngāngā | hikoke | mokisi | kurus |
| ʻare | ʻare | ʻare | ʻare | fare | hare | rumah |
| maʻata | ʻatupaka | ngao | nui, nunui, ranuinui | kore reka | polia | besar |
| matū, pete | ngenengene | pori | poripori | menemene | suesue | gemuk |
Demografi
sunting| Tempat | Populasi berbahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook |
|---|---|
| Kepulauan Cook | 13.620 |
| Selandia Baru | 7.725 |
| New South Wales | 1.612[10] |
| Queensland | 1.609[11] |
| Victoria | 1.468[12] |
| Australia Barat | 308[13] |
| Australia Selatan | 63[13] |
| Wilayah Ibu Kota Australia | 28[14] |
| Wilayah Utara | 21[15] |
| Tasmania | 10[16] |
Catatan
sunting- ^ Rarotonga di Ethnologue (ed. ke-18, 2015)
Tongareva (Penrhyn) di Ethnologue (ed. ke-18, 2015)
Rakahanga-Manihiki di Ethnologue (ed. ke-18, 2015) - ^ "2013 Census ethnic group profiles". Diakses tanggal 8 December 2017.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Southern Cook Island Maori". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Māngarongaro". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Rakahanga-Manihiki". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.
- ^ "Bahasa Maori Kepulauan Cook". www.ethnologue.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). SIL Ethnologue.
- ^ Sally Akevai Nicholas (2018). "Language Contexts: Te Reo Māori o te Pae Tonga o te Kuki Airani also known as Southern Cook Islands Māori". Dalam Peter K. Austin; Lauren Gawne. Language Documentation and Description (PDF). 15. London: EL Publishing. hlm. 36–37. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2021.
This practice conflicts with that of community members, who use the name Rarotongan to specifically refer to the variety spoken in Rarotonga. Non-Rarotongan Cook Islands Māori speakers can be offended by this conflation... Therefore, the name “Rarotongan” should be only be used to refer to the Rarotongan variety and never to Cook Islands Māori as a whole.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ a b "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
- ^ "Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au.
Pranala luar
sunting
- Cook Islands Maori Database
- Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages.
- Te akataka reo Rarotonga; or, Rarotongan and English grammar by the Rev Aaron Buzacott of the London Missionary Society, Rarotonga. 1854. Old grammar in english and Rarotongan
- "Tuatua mai!" Learn Cook Islands Maori
- Te Reo Maori Act 2003
- SBS Cook Islands Maori Radio Program. Diarsipkan 2017-11-26 di Wayback Machine. Updated each week
- Cook Islands Biodiversity : Natural History Māori Dictionaries Diarsipkan 2011-03-25 di Wayback Machine.
- Cook Islands Maori Dictionary Online version of Jasper Buse and Raututi Taringa Dictionary
- Cook Islands Ministry of Cultural Development Diarsipkan 2006-11-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Te Reo Māori Kūki ʻĀirani i roto i te Kurakarāma o Aotearoa (Cook Islands Maori in the New Zealand Curriculum) Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine.
- Collected songs and legends from the southern Cook Islands (c. 1883–1912) at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
- Box of 324 index cards of plant and animal names archived with Kaipuleohone
- Paradisec has an open access collection of Cook Island Maori materials
- Materials on Cook Islands Maori are included in the open access [Arthur Capell] collection (AC1) held by Paradisec.