Anonymous (film 2011)

Anonymous adalah sebuah film drama periode tahun 2011 yang disutradarai oleh Roland Emmerich dan ditulis oleh John Orloff. Film tersebut adalah versi fiksionalissi dari kisah hidup Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, seorang abdi, penyair, penulis sandiwara dan patron seni rupa Elizabethan, dan menyatakan bahwa ia adalah penulis sebenarnya dari sandiwara-sandiwara William Shakespeare. Film tersebut menampilkan Rhys Ifans sebagai de Vere dan Vanessa Redgrave sebagai Ratu Elizabeth I dari Inggris.

Anonymous
Sutradara	Roland Emmerich
Produser	Roland Emmerich Larry Franco Robert Leger
Penulis	John Orloff
Pemeran	Rhys Ifans Vanessa Redgrave Joely Richardson David Thewlis Xavier Samuel Sebastian Armesto Rafe Spall Edward Hogg Jamie Campbell Bower Derek Jacobi
Penata musik	Harald Kloser Thomas Wander
Sinematografer	Anna Foerster
Penyunting	Peter R. Adam
Perusahaan produksi	Columbia Pictures Anonymous Pictures Centropolis Entertainment Relativity Media Studio Babelsberg Motion Pictures
Distributor	Sony Pictures Releasing
Tanggal rilis	11 September 2011 (2011-09-11) (TIFF) 28 Oktober 2011 (2011-10-28) (Britania Raya) 10 November 2011 (2011-11-10) (Jerman)
Durasi	130 menit
Negara	Jerman Britania Raya
Bahasa	Inggris
Anggaran	$30 juta
Pendapatan kotor	$15.4 juta

Catatan kaki

• AFP (September 14, 2011). "Shakespeare fans will hate Anonymous". Sydney Morning Herald. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2010. 
• Alter, Alexandra (April 9, 2010). "The Shakespeare Whodunit: A Scholar Tackles Doubters on Who Wrote the Plays;Hollywood Weighs In". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2011. 
• Asay, Paul (October 29, 2011). "Anonymous". Plugged In Online. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2011. 
• Biancolli, Amy (October 29, 2009). "Plenty of poetic license in 'Anonymous'". Houston Chronicle. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 1, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Blogging Shakespeare (August 2011). "The Shakespeare Whodunit: Sixty Minutes with Shakespeare". Blogging Shakespeare.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-22. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2011. 
• Bravin, Jess (April 18, 2009). "Justice Stevens Renders an Opinion on Who Wrote Shakespeare's Plays: It Wasn't the Bard of Avon, He Says; 'Evidence Is Beyond a Reasonable Doubt". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2011. 
• Brennan, William J.; Blackmun, Harry; Stevens, John Paul (2009). "Who Wrote Shakespeare moot-court debate at American University". Frontline. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• British Board of Film Classification (August 26, 2011). "Anonymous (12A)". Diakses tanggal August 26, 2011. 
• Caranicas, Peter (April 12, 2011). "Lensers focus on digital fave Alexa". Variety. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2011. 
• Chase, Andrea (October 28, 2011). "Anonymous Movie Review". Killer Movie Reviews. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Chavez, Kelvin (November 11, 2009). "With Roland Emmerich". Latino Review Online. Diakses tanggal May 12, 2010. 
• Child, Ben (October 25, 2011). "Shakespeare film Anonymous has lost plot, says Stratford". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 25, 2011. 
• Crace, John (June 16, 2011). "The unreasonable doubt of Roland Emmerich's Anonymous". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2011. 
• Denby, David (October 31, 2011). "'All that glitters..'". New Yorker. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2011. 
• de Semlyen, Phil (February 25, 2010). "Roland Emmerich's Next Is 'Anonymous' About Shakespeare". Empire Online. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Dujsik, Mark (October 27, 2011). "ANONYMOUS (2011)". Mark Reviews Movies.com. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Elfman, Mali (October 9, 2009). "Roland Emmerich on His Shakespeare Film". Screen Crave. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 26, 2011. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2010. 
• Ebert, Roger (October 26, 2011). "Anonymous". Chicago Sun-Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-08. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Edmondson, Paul; Wells, Stanley (2011). Shakespeare bites back: not so anonymous. Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Ellwood, Gregory (September 11, 2011). "Roland Emmerich's 'Anonymous' is just plain silly". HitFix. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Emmerich, Roland (October 16, 2011). "Ten Reasons why Shakspeare was a fraud". Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Emmerich, Roland (April 2010). "Press Conference". Youtube. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Fritz, Ben; Horn, John (October 19, 2011). "'Anonymous' won't open nationwide in last-minute change". Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Goldberg, Matt (September 14, 2010). "Sony Pushes Roland Emmerich's ANONYMOUS Back to Fall 2011". Collider. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-07. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Honeycutt, Kirk (September 9, 2011). "Roland Emmerich brings Shakespeare's London to vivid life in this early 17th century conspiracy theory with a large and superb British cast". The Hollywood Reporter. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Hopkins, Lisa (2005). Beginning Shakespeare. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6423-4. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Hornaday, Ann (October 28, 2011). "A literary conspiracy". The Washington Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-29. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Horwitz, Jane (June 9, 2010). "Backstage: What the stars had to get over to get their 'Goat' on at Rep Stage". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Howell, Peter (October 27, 2011). "Anonymous: To be or not to believe". Toronto Star. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Hilsman, Hoyt (October 27, 2011). "Backstage: What the stars had to get over to get their 'Goat' on at Rep Stage". Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Jones, Melanie (October 27, 2011). "'Anonymous' Movie's Shakespeare Fraud: Class Snobbery, Centuries Late". International Business Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 22, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Kaufman, Amy (October 27, 2011). "Movie Projector: 'Puss in Boots' to stomp on competition". Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Keller, Louise (October 27, 2011). "Anonymous Review". Urban Cinefile. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-07. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2011. 
• Kohn, Eric (October 25, 2011). "In "Anonymous," Roland Emmerich Revises Shakespeare; We Advise You Wait For Joss Whedon". indieWire. Diakses tanggal October 26, 2011. 
• Lacey, Liam (October 28, 2011). "Anonymous. A Shakespearean Whodunit". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Leblanc, Beth (October 10, 2011). "Emmerich film sparks debate". The Michigan Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 25, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Lee (1), Chris (October 17, 2011). "Was Shakespeare a Fraud?". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Lee (2), Youyoung (October 27, 2011). "Q&A with 'Anonymous' Director Roland Emmerich". Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Lemire, Christy (October 26, 2011). "'Anonymous' is much ado about nothing". The Boston Globe. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Lileks, James (October 20, 2011). "This movie's so good they've cancelled the wide release". Star Tribune. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Lumenick, Lou (October 28, 2011). "Not so in love with this Shakespeare". New York Post. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Lybarger, Dan (October 28, 2011). "Should this film remain Anonymous= A review in iambic pentameter". Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Malvern, Jack (June 7, 2011). "Oldest literary conspiracy theory trotted out again". The Australian. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Marche, Stephen (October 21, 2011). "Wouldn't It Be Cool if Shakespeare Wasn't Shakespeare?". The New York Times Magazine. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2011. 
• May, Steven W. (1980). Studies in Philology, The Poems of Edward DeVere, Seventeenth Earl of Oxford and of Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex. 77. University of North Carolina Press. 
• McCrum, Robert (June 8, 2011). "Anonymous set to propel Edward de Vere to stardom". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2011. 
• Medley, Tony (October 29, 2011). "Anonymous". The Tolucan Times. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2011. 
• Metacritic (October 29, 2011). "Anonymous Reviews". CBS Interactive. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2011. 
• Nepales, Janet Susan (May 16, 2010). "Hollywood Bulletin – Love Notes from Verona". Manila Bulletin. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 5, 2012. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Nicholson, Amy (Oct 5, 2011). "'Anonymous' Review". Boxoffice Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 24, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2011. 
• Noveck, Jocelyn (Oct 27, 2011). "New Shakespeare film ruffles academic feathers". Associated Press. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Orloff, John (April 19, 2010). "The Shakespeare Authorship Question Isn't Settled". Los Angeles Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 4, 2010. Diakses tanggal May 18, 2010. 
• Pandya, Gitesh (October 30, 2011). "Box Office Guru! Puss in Boots at Top with $34M". Rotten Tomatoes. Diakses tanggal October 31, 2011. 
• Pappamichael, Stella (October 24, 2011). "'Anonymous' review – London Film Festival 2011". Digital Spy. Diakses tanggal October 26, 2011. 
• Pereira, Kevin; Emmerich, Roland (October 20, 2011). "Roland Emmerich on Directing Anonymous". g4tv.com. Berlangsung pada 4.45–6. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2011. 
• Phillips, Michael (October 27, 2011). "Elizabethan lit intrigue proves not that intriguing in 'Anonymous' – 2 1/2 stars". Chicago Tribune. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 3, 2012. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Pols, Mary F. (October 26, 2011). "Anonymous: So Shakespeare Was a Fraud? Really?". Time Magazine. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Rastogi, Nina (April 7, 2011). "First Glimpse of "Anonymous," Roland Emmerich's Loony Take on the Shakespeare Debate". Slate. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Ray, William (July 23, 2011). "Roland Emmerich's "Anonymous" Explores A Different Kind Of Conspiracy/comment". Film Fan Review. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 14, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 22, 2010. 
• Reed, Rex (October 25, 2011). "Anonymous Gives the Mystery of Who Wrote Shakespeare's Plays A Very Good Name". The New York Observer. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 29, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Rosenbaum, Ron (2006). The Shakespeare wars: clashing scholars, public fiascoes, palace coups. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50339-9. Diakses tanggal July 1, 2013. 
• Rosenbaum, Ron (October 27, 2011). "10 Things I Hate About Anonymous". Slate. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Rotten Tomatoes. "Anonymous (2011)". Flixster. Diakses tanggal October 30, 2011. 
• Sachs, Ben (October 28, 2011). "Anonymous". Chicago Reader. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2010. 
• Salisbury, Mark (June 14, 2010). "On the set of Roland Emmerich's Anonymous". TimeOut. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-12. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Schama, Simon (October 17, 2011). "The Shakespeare Shakedown". Newsweek. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Scott (1), A. O. (October 27, 2011). "How Could a Commoner Write Such Great Plays?". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Scott (2), Mike (October 29, 2011). "'Anonymous' review: Film takes up debate on Shakespeare authorship question". Nola.com. Diakses tanggal November 6, 2011. 
• Screen Daily (May 11, 2004). "Emmerich vs. Shakespeare! Independence Day Meets St. Crispin's Day". Screen Daily. Diakses tanggal May 17, 2010. 
• Shapiro, James (April 11, 2010). "Alas, Poor Shakespeare". Los Angeles Times. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Shapiro (1), James (October 17, 2011). "Hollywood Dishonors the Bard". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Shapiro (2), James (November 4, 2011). "Shakespeare – a fraud? Anonymous is ridiculous". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 6, 2011. 
• Smith, Alistair (September 1, 2011). "Shakespeare Birthplace Trust launches authorship campaign". The Stage. Diakses tanggal October 21, 2010. 
• Stevens, Dana (May 4, 2010). "Das Junket". Slate. Diakses tanggal October 23, 2011. 
• Stevens, Dana (October 27, 2011). "Anonymous:The problem with this Shakespeare-conspiracy movie is that it wasn't dumb enough". Slate. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Syme, Holger (September 19, 2011). "People Being Stupid About Shakesp… or Someone Else". Dispositio. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-12-22. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Tapley, Kristopher (September 9, 2011). "Emmerich surprises with 'Anonymous'". InContention.com. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 
• Turner, Michael (October 26, 2011). "Anonymous". View London. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2010. 
• Weber, Bill (October 27, 2011). "Anonymous". Slant Magazine. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2010. 
• Whitfield, Ed (October 25, 2011). "Much Ado about Nothing". The Ooh Tray. Diakses tanggal October 27, 2011. 
• Whitty, Stephen (October 28, 2011). "To see or not to see". Newark Star-Ledger. Diakses tanggal October 28, 2011. 
• Wise (1), Damon (September 10, 2011). "The shock in this exposé of the Bard is that it is rather good". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2011. 
• Wise (2), Damon (October 27, 2011). "Roland Emmerich: Appetite for deconstruction". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal October 31, 2011. 
• Zacharek, Stephanie (September 9, 2011). "Even Killer Elite Can't Quite Outduel Emmerich's Anonymous". Movieline. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 25, 2011. Diakses tanggal October 20, 2010. 

Pranala luar

• Situs web resmi
• Anonymous di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
• (Inggris) Anonymous di AllMovie
• (Inggris) Anonymous di Box Office Mojo
• Anonymous di Rotten Tomatoes (dalam bahasa Inggris)
• (Inggris) Anonymous di Metacritic
• Anonymous trailer di YouTube
• April 29, 2010 Press Conference di YouTube (partial; see other linked clips)
• Shakespeare's Lost Kingdom: The True History of Shakespeare and Elizabeth (book supported by the filmmakers)
• Brows Held High's Kyle Kallgren take on the 2011 film