Industri musik
Industri musik atau bisnis musik menjual komposisi, rekaman dan pertunjukan musik. Di antara banyak orang dan organisasi yang beroperasi di dalam industri ini adalah para musisi yang menggubah dan mempertunjukkan musik-musiknya; perusahaan dan profesional yang menciptakan dan menjual musik rekaman (misalnya penerbit musik, produser, studio, teknisi, label rekaman, toko musik daring dan ritel, organisasi hak pertunjukan); pihak yang menampilkan pertunjukan musik langsung (agen bakat, promotor, panggung musik, kru jalan); para profesional yang membantu musisi dengan karier mereka (manajer bakat, manajer bisnis, pengacara hiburan); pihak yang menyiarkan musik (radio satelit dan siaran); jurnalis; pengajar; produsen instrumen musik; dan lain-lain.
Pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20, industri musik didominasi oleh penerbit musik lembaran. Pada pertengahan abad, rekaman telah menggantikan musik lembaran sebagai pemain terbesar dalam bisnis musik: dalam dunia komersial orang-orang mulai membicarakan "industri rekaman" sebagai sinonim dari "industri musik". Sejak 2000, penjualan musik rekaman jatuh bertahap,[1] sementara musik langsung semakin populer.[2] Tiga "label perusahaan besar" mendominasi musik rekaman — Universal Music Group (setelah membeli EMI pada November 2011), Sony Music Entertainment,[3] dan Warner Music Group — masing-masing terdiri dari perusahaan-perusahaan dan label kecil yang melayani wilayah dan pasar tertentu. Industri musik langsung didominasi oleh Live Nation, promotor dan pemilik panggung musik terbesar di dunia. Live Nation adalah bekas anak perusahaan Clear Channel Communications, yang merupakan pemilik terbesar stasiun radio di Amerika Serikat. Perusahaan penting lainnya dalam industri musik adalah Creative Artists Agency (perusahaan manajemen dan bakat) dan Apple Inc. (pemilik toko musik terbesar di dunia, iTunes Store).[4]
Organisasi industri musikSunting
- Academy of Country Music aka ACM
- Alliance of Artists and Recording Companies aka AARC
- American Association of Independent Music aka A2IM
- American Federation of Musicians aka AFM
- American Federation of Television and Radio Artists aka AFTRA
- American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers aka ASCAP
- Asosiasi Industri Rekaman Indonesia aka ASIRI
- Association of Independent Music aka AIM
- Australian Recording Industry Association aka ARIA
- Billboard Magazine, terkenal karena Billboard Hot 100
- British Phonographic Industry (BPI)
- Broadcast Music Incorporated aka BMI
- Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA)
- Country Music Association
- Federation of the Italian Music Industry (FIMI)
- Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (GEMA) di Jerman
- Harry Fox Agency (cabang laba dari NMPA)
- Indian Music Industry (IMI)
- International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI)
- Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA)
- Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (LARAS)
- Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS)
- Musicians' Union
- National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS)
- National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM)
- National Music Publishers Association (NMPA)
- Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI)
- PRS for Music
- Recording Artists' Coalition aka RAC
- Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
- Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)
- Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ)
- Recording Industry of South Africa (RISA)
- Society of European Stage Authors & Composers (SESAC)
- SoundExchange
Lihat pulaSunting
Catatan kakiSunting
- ^ "The Music Industry". The Economist. October 15, 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-29. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-13.
- ^ Seabrook, John (August 10, 2009). "The Price of the Ticket". The New Yorker. Annals of Entertainment: 34.
- ^ Sony Corporation announced October 1, 2008 that it had completed the acquisition of Bertelsmann’s 50% stake in Sony BMG, which was originally announced on August 5, 2008. Ref: Sony Corporation of America. Sony's acquisition of Bertelsmann's 50% Stake in Sony BMG complete.. Siaran pers.
- ^ "Mobile World Congress 2011". dailywireless.org. February 14, 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-21. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-13.
Amazon is now the world’s biggest book retailer. Apple, the world’s largest music retailer.
ReferensiSunting
- Krasilovsky, M. William; Shemel, Sidney; Gross, John M.; Feinstein, Jonathan, This Business of Music (edisi ke-10th), Billboard Books, ISBN 0823077292
Bacaan lanjutanSunting
- Lebrecht, Norman: When the Music Stops: Managers, Maestros and the Corporate Murder of Classical Music, Simon & Schuster 1996
- Imhorst, Christian: The ‘Lost Generation’ of the Music Industry, published under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License 2004
- Gerd Leonhard: Music Like Water – the inevitable music ecosystem
- The Methods Reporter: Music Industry Misses Mark with Wrongful Suits Diarsipkan 2007-01-12 di Wayback Machine.
- Music CD Industry Diarsipkan 2007-06-26 di Wayback Machine. – a mid-2000 overview put together by Duke University undergraduate students
- d’Angelo, Mario: Does globalisation mean ineluctable concentration ? in The Music Industry in the New Economy, Report of the Asia-Europe Seminar, Lyon, Oct. 25–28, 2001, IEP de Lyon/Asia-Europe Foundation/Eurical, Editors Roche F., Marcq B., Colomé D., 2002, pp. 53–54.
- d'Angelo, Mario: Perspectives of the Management of Musical Institutions in Europe, OMF, Musical Activities and Institutions Sery, ParisIV-Sorbonne University, Ed. Musicales Aug. Zurfluh, Bourg-la-Reine, 2006.
- The supply of recorded music Diarsipkan 2009-03-28 di Wayback Machine.: A report on the supply in the UK of prerecorded compact discs, vinyl discs and tapes containing music. Competition Commission, 1994.
- Tschmuck, Peter: Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry, Springer 2006.
- Ulrich Dolata: The Music Industry and the Internet. A Decade of Disruptive and Uncontrolled Sectoral Change. Research Contributions to Organizational Sociology and Innovation Studies. Discussion Paper 2011-02. full text online
Pranala luarSunting
- New York Metro article by Michael Wolff analyzing the decline of the record industry Diarsipkan 2008-10-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Salon article on Courtney Love's criticism of record industry business practices
- Federal Trade Commission press release regarding price fixing
- Antitrust settlement in Nevada price-fixing case Diarsipkan 2006-03-05 di Wayback Machine.
- Songwriter Janis Ian's critique of the record industry's policies Diarsipkan 2016-12-17 di Wayback Machine.
- The Net is the Independent Artist's Radio Diarsipkan 2017-09-28 di Wayback Machine. – August 10, 2005 MP3 Newswire article
- Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers? Diarsipkan 2006-06-30 di Wayback Machine.. Silverthorne, Sean. Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, 2004.
- The British Library - Music Industry Guide (sources of information)
- The ASCAP Resource Guide: Recording Industry Diarsipkan 2010-12-31 di Wayback Machine.
- BPI: Music business – Industry Structure Diarsipkan 2016-04-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Academic articles about the music industry The Music Business Journal
 | Artikel bertopik lagu, musik, atau alat musik ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |