Ye Ukraina

Ye Ukraina (Є є; Italik: Є є) merupakan sebuah huruf dari Alfabet Kiril. Huruf ini merupakan huruf yang terpisah dalam Alfabet Ukraina (posisi ke-8 sejak tahun 1992, posisi ke-7 sebelum tahun 1992), Alfabet Rusyn Panonia, dan dikedua Alfabet Rusyn Karpatia. Huruf ini muncul setelah huruf E dalam alfabet diatas. Dalam Bahasa Slavonia Gerejawi Modern, konsonan ini dianggap sebagai bagian dari Ye (Е е) (pemilihan penggunaan dari Є dan Е diatur oleh hukum ortografi. Sampai pertengahan abad ke-19, Є/є juga digunakan untuk Alfabet Sirilik Romania dan Abjad Kiril Serbia (huruf ini kemudian dihapus pada alfabet Vuk Karadžić dan digantikan dengan digraf је). Bahasa Slavonik moderen mungkin menggunakan bentuk Є/є dalam menuliskan Е/е untuk tunuan dekoratif. Huruf ini dinamakan sesuai nama kunonya, Yest dan nama deskripsinya, E panjang.

Huruf Kiril Ye Ukraina
Penggunaan Fonetis:	[je], [jɛ]
Nama:	єстъ
Nomor Kiril:	5
Alfabet Kiril
Huruf Slavia
А А́ А̀ А̂ А̄ Ӓ Б В Г Ґ Д Ђ Ѓ Е È Ё Є Ж З З́ Ѕ И И́ Ѝ Й І Ї Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О Ō П Р С С́ Т Ћ Ќ У У́ Ӯ Ў Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я
Huruf non-Slavia
Ӑ А̊ А̃ Ӓ̄ Ӕ Ә Ә́ Ә̃ Ӛ В̌ Ғ Г̑ Г̣ Г̌ Ҕ Ӻ Ғ̌ Ӷ Д̣ Д̆ Ӗ Е̄ Е̃ Ё̄ Є̈ Ӂ Җ Ӝ Ҙ Ӟ З̌ З̱ З̣ Ԑ Ԑ̈ Ӡ Ӣ И̃ Ҋ Ӥ Қ Ӄ Ҡ Ҟ Ҝ К̣ Ԛ Ӆ Ԯ Ԓ Ӎ Ӊ Ң Ԩ Ӈ Ҥ О́ О̀ О̆ О̂ О̃ Ӧ Ӧ̄ Ө Ө̄ Ө́ Ө̆ Ӫ Ҩ Ԥ Р̌ Ҏ Ҫ С̣ С̱ Т̌ Т̣ Ҭ У̃ Ӱ Ӱ́ Ӳ Ү Ү́ Ұ Х̣ Х̱ Х̮ Х̑ Ҳ Ӽ Ӿ Һ Һ̈ Ԧ Ҵ Ҷ Ӵ Ӌ Ҹ Ҽ Ҿ Ы̆ Ы̄ Ӹ Ҍ Э̆ Э̄ Э̇ Ӭ Ӭ́ Ӭ̄ Ю̆ Ю̈ Ю̈́ Ю̄ Я̆ Я̄ Я̈ Ԝ Ӏ
Huruf Kuno atau tidak digunakan
Ꙁ Ꙃ Ꙅ Ꙇ Ꙉ Ҁ Ѻ ОУ Ꙋ Ѡ Ѽ Ꙍ Ѿ Ꙏ Ѣ Ꙑ Ꙓ Ꙕ Ꙗ Ѥ Ѧ Ꙙ Ѫ Ꙛ Ѩ Ꙝ Ѭ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ѷ Ԙ Ꙟ Ꙡ Ꙣ Ꙥ Ꙧ Ꙩ Ꙫ Ꙭ ꙮ Ꚙ Ꚛ Ԁ Ԕ Ԗ Ԡ Ԣ Ҧ Ꚋ Ꚁ Ꚅ Ꚍ Ꚕ Ꚏ Ꚗ Ꚃ Ԃ Ԅ Ԉ Ԋ Ԍ Ԏ Ԇ Ꚑ Ꚉ Ꚇ Ꚓ Ԟ Ԫ Ԭ Г̧ Г̄
Daftar huruf Kiril Digraf Kiril

Dalam bahasa Ukraina, Є/є biasanya melambangkan suara /je/ atau /jɛ/ seperti pengucapan 〈ye〉 dalam "Yesus". (Lihat penggunaan untuk detail lanjutan.)

Ye bahasa Ukraina juga diromanisasi sebagai 〈je〉 atau 〈e〉. (Lihat transliterasi ilmiah Sirilik.)

Sejarah

Huruf Є/є diambil dari salah satu dari bentuk varian huruf Kiril Ye (Е е), yang dikenal sebagai "E panjang" atau "E jangkar". Є-shaped letter can be found in late uncial (ustav) and semi-uncial (poluustav) Cyrillic manuscripts, especially ones of Ukrainian origin. Typically it corresponds to the letter Iotated E (Ѥ ѥ) of older monuments. Certain old primers and grammar books of Church Slavonic language had listed Є/є as a letter distinct from Е/е and placed it near the end of the alphabet (the exact alphabet position varies). Among modern-style Cyrillic scripts (known as "civil script" or "Petrine script"), Є/є was first used in Serbian books (end of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century); sometimes, Serbian printers might be using Э/э instead of Є/є due to font availability. For the modern Ukrainian language, Є/є is used since 1837 (orthography of almanach "Русалка Днѣстровая" (Rusalka Dnistrovaya)). In Cyrillic numerals, Є is always preferred to E to represent 5.

Penggunaan

Ukraina dan Rusyn

Dalam Ukraina dan Rusyn (as well as in old Serbian orthography), Є/є represents the sound combination /je/ or the vowel sound /e/ after a palatalized consonant.

Khanty

Dalam Khanty, Huruf ini melambangkam suara /je/.

Old Slavonic, Old East Slavic

In oldest Slavonic manuscripts, Є is just a graphical variant of Е and thus represents /e/ without palatalization. Later Є replaces Ѥ (i.e. denotes /ʲe/ after consonants and /je/ after vowels and in an initial position). Yet later, it also accepts both decorative role (as an initial letter of a word, even if there were no iotation) and an orthographical one, to make distinction between certain homonymical forms (mostly between plural and singular).

New Church Slavonic

Since the mid-17th century, the Church Slavonic orthography has the following main rules related to the usage of shapes Є and Е:

• in an initial position, always use Є;
• otherwise, use Е with the following exceptions:
  • in noun's endings, use -євъ and -ємъ for plural and -евъ, -емъ for singular;
  • in other endings, suffixes and roots of nouns, adjectives, participles, numerals and pronouns, use Є for plural/dual, if there exists a homonymous form in the singular (either of the same word or a different one; the actual rule is much more complicated and not well-defined, as there are multiple other ways to eliminate such homonymy);
  • publishers from Kyiv also use Є in the genitive case of three pronouns (менє, тебє, себє), and Е in the accusative case (мене, тебе, себе);
• as a numerical sign (with value 5) use Є, not Е (the rule has often been ignored outside of the Russian Empire).

In the modern Church Slavonic alphabet, the 6th letter is typically shown as Єєе (one uppercase accompanied with two variants of lowercase).

The different shapes Є and Е exist only in lowercase; thus in all caps and small caps styles, the distinction between Є and Е disappears.

Old Believers print their books using an older variant of New Church Slavonic language. Its orthography combines the fully formal system described above with the older tradition to use Є phonetically (after vowels, to represent iotated /je/).

Similar characters

The United States Federal Geographic Data Committee uses Ꞓ, a character similar to capital Є, to represent the Cambrian Period in geologic history.

Є is similar to the symbol for the euro currency 〈€〉. In a memorandum from the European Commission on the design of the euro sign, Ukrainian Ye was used to represent the Greek letter Epsilon.

Huruf Terkait

• Ε ε : Huruf Yunani Epsilon
• Ɛ ɛ : Huruf Latin Epsilon
• Е е : Huruf Sirilik Ye
• Ё ё : Huruf Sirilik Yo
• Э э : Huruf Kiril E
• Ԑ ԑ : Cyrillic letter Reversed Ze
• E e : Huruf Kiril E
• Ꞓ ꞓ : Huruf Latin Ꞓ
• ∈ atau ∊: Elemen (matematis)

Kode Komputasi

Informasi karakter

Pratayang	Є		є
Nama Unicode	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
Pengodean	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1028	U+0404	1108	U+0454
UTF-8	208 132	D0 84	209 148	D1 94
Referensi karakter numerik	Є	Є	є	є
Referensi karakter bernama	Є		є
KOI8-U	180	B4	164	A4
Code page 855	135	87	134	86
Code page 866	242	F2	243	F3
Windows-1251	170	AA	186	BA
ISO-8859-5	164	A4	244	F4
Macintosh Cyrillic	184	B8	185	B9

Bacaan Tambahan

• Півторак Г. П. Український алфавіт / /