James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 Februari 1882 – 13 Januari 1941) adalah seorang novelis, penyair, dan kritikus sastra Irlandia. Ia berkontribusi pada gerakan modernis avant-garde dan dianggap sebagai salah satu penulis paling berpengaruh dan penting di abad ke-20. novel karya Joyce Ulysses (1922) adalah sebuah tonggak sejarah di mana episode-episode Odyssey karya Homer diparalelkan dalam berbagai gaya sastra, khususnya aliran kesadaran. Karya terkenal lainnya adalah kumpulan cerita pendek Dubliners (1914), dan novel-novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) dan Finnegans Wake (1939). Tulisan-tulisannya yang lain meliputi tiga buku puisi, sebuah drama, surat-surat, dan jurnalisme sesekali.
James Joyce | |
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![]() Joyce di Zurich sekitar tahun 1918 | |
Lahir | Rathgar, Dublin, Irlandia | 2 Februari 1882
Meninggal | 13 Januari 1941 Zurich, Swiss | (umur 58)
Pekerjaan | Pengarang |
Karya terkenal |
|
Pasangan | Nora Barnacle |
Anak | 2, termasuk Lucia |
Joyce lahir di Dublin dari keluarga kelas menengah. Ia bersekolah di Jesuit Clongowes Wood College di County Kildare, kemudian, secara singkat, Sekolah O'Connell yang dikelola oleh Christian Brothers. Meskipun kehidupan keluarganya kacau akibat keuangan ayahnya yang tidak dapat diprediksi, ia unggul di Jesuit Belvedere College dan lulus dari University College Dublin pada tahun 1902. Pada tahun 1904, dia bertemu calon istrinya, Nora Barnacle, dan mereka pindah ke daratan Eropa. Dia sempat bekerja di Pola dan kemudian pindah ke Trieste di Austria-Hongaria, bekerja sebagai instruktur bahasa Inggris. Kecuali tinggal selama delapan bulan di Roma bekerja sebagai juru tulis korespondensi dan tiga kali kunjungan ke Dublin, Joyce tinggal di sana sampai tahun 1915. Di Trieste, ia menerbitkan buku puisinya Chamber Music dan kumpulan cerita pendeknya Dubliners, dan mulai menerbitkan secara berseri A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man di majalah Inggris The Egoist. Selama sebagian besar Perang Dunia I, Joyce tinggal di Zurich, Swiss, dan menggarap Ulysses. Setelah perang, ia sempat kembali ke Trieste dan pada tahun 1920 pindah ke Paris, yang menjadi tempat tinggal utamanya hingga tahun 1940.
Ulysses pertama kali diterbitkan di Paris pada tahun 1922, tetapi penerbitannya di Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat dilarang karena dianggap mengandung unsur kecabulan. Salinan buku ini diselundupkan ke kedua negara dan versi bajakan dicetak hingga pertengahan tahun 1930-an ketika penerbitan buku ini menjadi legal. Joyce memulai karya besar berikutnya, Finnegans Wake, pada tahun 1923, dan menerbitkannya enam belas tahun kemudian pada tahun 1939. Selama tahun-tahun tersebut, Joyce sering bepergian. Dia dan Nora menikah dalam upacara sipil di London pada tahun 1931. Dia melakukan beberapa perjalanan ke Swiss, sering mencari pengobatan untuk masalah matanya yang semakin parah dan bantuan psikologis untuk putrinya, Lucia. Ketika Perancis diduduki oleh Jerman selama Perang Dunia II, Joyce pindah kembali ke Zurich pada tahun 1940. Ia meninggal di sana pada tahun 1941 setelah menjalani operasi ulkus perforasi pada usia 58 tahun.
Ulysses sering menempati peringkat tinggi dalam daftar buku-buku hebat, dan literatur akademis yang menganalisis karya Joyce sangat luas dan berkelanjutan. Banyak penulis, pembuat film, dan seniman lain telah dipengaruhi oleh inovasi gayanya, seperti perhatiannya yang cermat terhadap detail, penggunaan monolog interior, permainan kata, dan transformasi radikal dari plot tradisional dan pengembangan karakter. Meskipun sebagian besar kehidupan dewasanya dihabiskan di luar negeri, dunia fiksinya berpusat di Dublin dan sebagian besar dihuni oleh karakter yang sangat mirip dengan anggota keluarga, musuh dan teman dari waktunya di sana. Ulysses berlatar di jalan-jalan dan gang-gang kota. Joyce dikutip mengatakan, "Bagi saya sendiri, saya selalu menulis tentang Dublin, karena jika saya dapat menjangkau jantung Dublin, maka saya dapat menjangkau jantung semua kota di dunia. Secara khusus mengandung universal."[1]
Bibliografi
sunting- Stephen Hero
- Chamber Music
- Dubliners
- Exiles
- A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
- Ulysses
- Pomes Penyeach
- Finnegans Wake
- Atherton, James S. (1960). Books at the Wake: A Study of Literary allusions in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake. Viking Press. OCLC 1148024288.
- Attridge, Derek (1997). "Reading Joyce". Dalam Attridge, Derek (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1–30. ISBN 0521376734. OCLC 1148222842.
- Attridge, Derek (2007). How to Read Joyce. Granta Books. ISBN 9781862079120. OCLC 1149525874.
- Beja, Morris (1992). James Joyce: A Literary Life. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0814205984. OCLC 964127996.
- Beckett, Samuel (1961) [1929]. "Dante... Bruno. Vico.. Joyce". Our Exagmination Round his Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress. Faber and Faber. hlm. 1–22. OCLC 1150935903.
- Biggers, Shirley Hoover (2015). British Author House Museums and Other Memorials: A Guide to Sites in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. McFarland. ISBN 9781476600222. OCLC 606882695.
- Birmingham, Kevin (2014). The Most dangerous book: The Battle for James Joyce Ulysses. Head of Zeus. ISBN 9781784080723. OCLC 894758831.
- Bowker, Gordon (2012). James Joyce: A New Biography. Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. ISBN 9780374178727. OCLC 802264865.
- Boyle, Robert (1978). James Joyce's Pauline Vision : A Catholic Exposition. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0809308614. OCLC 1150108528.
- Bulson, Eric (2006). The Cambridge Introduction to James Joyce. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1879373300. OCLC 442719108.
- Caraher, Brian G. (2009). "Irish and European politics: nationalism, socialism, empire". Dalam McCourt, John (ed.). James Joyce in Context. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 285–298. ISBN 9780801825439. OCLC 1150093431.
- Cheng, Vincent John (1995). Joyce, Race, and Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521431182. OCLC 1150121186.
- Coolahan, John (2010). "Higher Education, 1908-84". Dalam Hill, J. R. (ed.). A New History of Ireland Volume VII: Ireland, 1921-84. Oxford University Press. hlm. 758–759. ISBN 9780199592821. OCLC 701552783.
- Cope, Jackson I. (1981). Joyce's Cities: Archaeologies of the Soul. Johns Hopkins University. ISBN 9780521886628. OCLC 900420355.
- Costello, Peter (1992). James Joyce: The Years of Growth. Roberts Rineheart. ISBN 1879373300. OCLC 856717658.
- Davies, Stan Gébler (1982). James Joyce: A Portrait of the Artist. Granada. ISBN 9780586056394. OCLC 1194438647.
- Davison, Neil R. (1998). James Joyce, Ulysses, and the Construction of Jewish Identity: Culture, Biography, and 'the Jew' in Modernist Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780511581830. OCLC 939797702.
- Deane, Seamus (1997). "Joyce the Irishman". Dalam Attridge, Derek (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 31–53. ISBN 0521376734. OCLC 1148222842.
- Dettmar, Kevin J. H. (1992). Rereading the New: A Backward Glance at Modernism. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780586056394. OCLC 1036833691.
- Dowling, Martin (2016). Recollections of James Joyce. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317008415. OCLC 953857290.
- Eco, Umberto (1982). The Aesthetics of Chaosmos : The Middle Ages of James Joyce. University of Tulsa. OCLC 644475452.
- Ellmann, Richard (1967). Miller, Liam (ed.). Joyce and Yeats. Dolman Press Yeats Centenary Papers MCMLXV. Vol. XI. Dolmen Press. OCLC 651978436.
- Ellmann, Richard (1977). The Consciousness of Joyce. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195028980. OCLC 1028560217.
- Ellmann, Richard (1982) [1959]. James Joyce. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195031034. OCLC 82514111.
- Fairhall, James (1993). James Joyce and the Question of History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521402921. OCLC 1035904934.
- Fargnoli, A. Nicholas; Gillespie, Michael Patrick (1996). James Joyce A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and Work. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195110293. OCLC 1200482993.
- Ferris, Kathleen (1995). James Joyce and the Burden of Disease. University of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813126647. OCLC 642824442.
- Fischer, Andreas (2021). James Joyce in Zurich: A Guide. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783030512828. OCLC 1237733430.
- Fogarty, Anne (2014). "Forward". Dalam Brazeau, Gladwin; Gladwin, Derek (ed.). Eco-Joyce: The Environmental Imagination of James Joyce. Cork University Press >. hlm. xv–xviii. ISBN 9781782050728. OCLC 882713144.
- Gabler, Hans Walter (2018). Text Genetics in Literary Modernism and other Essays. Open Book Publishers. ISBN 9781783743650. JSTOR j.ctv8j3xd. OCLC 1073823877.
- Gell-Mann, Murray (1994). The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. WH Freeman and Company. ISBN 9780716727255. OCLC 1036835212.
- Gibson, Andrew (2002). Joyce's Revenge: History, Politics, and Aesthetics in Ulysses. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198184959. OCLC 53971552.
- Gibson, Andrew (2006). James Joyce. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861892775. OCLC 864255796.
- Groden, Michael (1984). "A Textual and Publishing History". Dalam Bowen, Zack W.; Carens, James F. (ed.). A Companion to Joyce Studies. Greenwood Press. hlm. 39–46. ISBN 0313228329. OCLC 1029292078.
- Hayden, Deborah (2003). Pox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis. Basic Books. ISBN 0465028810. OCLC 472849913.
- Henke, Suzzette A. (1991). "Exagmining Beckett & Company". Dalam Dunleavy, Janet Engleson (ed.). Re-viewing Classics of Joyce Criticism. University of Illinois Press. hlm. 61–81. ISBN 9780252017742. OCLC 463648199.
- Hutchins, Patricia (1950). James Joyce's Dublin. Grey Walls Press. OCLC 753237314.
- Hutchins, Patricia (2016) [1957]. James Joyce's World. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317230359. OCLC 1061144722.
- Hodgart, Matthew J. C.; Bauerle, Ruth (1997). Joyce's Grand Operoar: Opera in Finnegan's Wake. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252022580. OCLC 1150108253.
- Hughs, Eamonn (1992). "Joyce and Catholicism". Dalam Welch, Robert (ed.). Irish Writers and Religion. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 116–137. ISBN 9780389209638. OCLC 24431101.
- Jackson, John Wyse; Costello, Peter (1998). John Stanislaus Joyce : The Voluminous Life and Genius of James Joyce's Father. St. Martins Press. ISBN 0312185995. OCLC 1035929915.
- Jackson, John Wyse; McGinley, Bernard (1993). "Afterward: 'Clay'". Dubliners: An Annotated Edition. Oleh James, Joyce. St. Martins Press. ISBN 9781856191203. OCLC 1256246736.
- Jung, Carl Gustav (1949). "Ulysses": A monologue [photocopied typescript]. Analytical Psychology Club of New York.
- Jung, Carl Gustav (1975) [1952]. ""Ulysses": A monologue". Dalam Read, Herbert; Fordham, Michael; Adler, Gerhard; McGuire, William (ed.). The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature. Bollingen Series. Vol. XX. Diterjemahkan oleh Hull, R. F. C. Princeton University Press. hlm. 117–134. ISBN 0691097739. OCLC 1245812059.
- Kiberd, Declan (1996). "James Joyce and Mythic Realism". Inventing Ireland. Harvard University Press. hlm. 327–358. ISBN 9780099582212. OCLC 1035758855.
- Kenny, Colum (2020). The Enigma of Authur Griffith: Father of Us All. Merrion Press. ISBN 9781441106407. OCLC 741691064.
- Latham, Sean (2009). "Twenty-First-Century Critical Contexts". Dalam McCourt, John (ed.). James Joyce in Context. University of Washington Press. hlm. 148–160. ISBN 9780521886628. OCLC 900420355.}
- Lernout, Geertz (2010). Help My Unbelief: James Joyce and Religion. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781441106407. OCLC 741691064.
- Lernout, Geertz (1992). The French Joyce. University of Michigan. ISBN 9780472101955. OCLC 980940048.
- Litz, Walton A. (1964). The Art of James Joyce: Method and Design in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. Oxford University Press. OCLC 1147728131.
- Lyons, J. B. (1973). James Joyce and Medicine. Vol. 225. Dolmen Press. hlm. 313–314. doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03220300069027. ISBN 9780851052298. OCLC 1194442101. PMID 4577228.
- MacCabe, Colin (2003). James Joyce and the Revolution of the Word. Palgrave. ISBN 9780333531525. OCLC 506235724.
- Maddox, Brenda (1989). Nora: A Biography of Nora Joyce. Fawcett Columbine. ISBN 0449904105. OCLC 1036769821.
- Manganiello, Daniel (1980). Joyce's Politics. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0710005377. OCLC 1150084929.
- McCaffrey, Carmel (2006). In Search of Ireland's Heroes : The Story of the Irish from the English Invasion to the Present Day. Ivan R. Dee. ISBN 9781566636155. OCLC 1149404907.
- McCourt, John (1999a). James Joyce: A Passionate Exile. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0312269412. OCLC 566330961.
- McCourt, John (2000). The Years of Bloom: James Joyce in Trieste, 1904–1920. Lilliput Press. ISBN 1901866459. OCLC 1091015013.
- McCourt, John (2019). "After Ellman: The State of Joyce Biography". Dalam Bradford, Richard (ed.). A Companion to Literary Biography. Wiley Blackwell. hlm. 529–546. ISBN 9781118896297. OCLC 1060993112.
- Melchiori, Georgio (1984a). "Introduction". Dalam Melchiori, Giorgio (ed.). Joyce in Rome: The Genesis of Ulysses (PDF). Bulzone Editore. hlm. 9–13. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 9 Februari 2021.
- Melchiori, Georgio (1984b). "The Geneis of Ulysses". Dalam Melchiori, Giorgio (ed.). Joyce in Rome: The Genesis of Ulysses (PDF). Bulzone Editore. hlm. 37–50. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 9 Februari 2021.
- Morse, J. Mitchell (1959). The Sympathetic Alien: James Joyce and Catholicism. New York University Press. OCLC 1151344010.
- Nolan, Emer (1995). James Joyce and Nationalism. ISBN 0203213122. OCLC 956639381.
- Noon, Thomas (1963) [1957]. Joyce and Aquinas. Yale University Press. OCLC 1150130940.
- O'Brien, Edna (2000) [2011]. James Joyce. Phoenix. ISBN 9780753810705. OCLC 1194438672.
- O'Callaghan, Katherine (2020). "The Art of Reading a Musical Novel: Literary Audiation and the Case of James Joyce". Dalam van Hulle, Dirk; Silva, Emma-Louise; Slote, Sam (ed.). James Joyce and the Arts. Brill. ISBN 9789004426191. OCLC 1247076920.
- * O'Connor, Ulick (1970). "Joyce and Gogarty". Dalam Ryan, John (ed.). A Bash in the Tunnel: James Jocye by the Irish. Clifton Books. ISBN 9780901255198. OCLC 964128395.
- Onorati, Franco (1984). "Bank Clerk in Rome". Dalam Melchiori, Giorgio (ed.). Joyce in Rome: The Genesis of Ulysses (PDF). Bulzone Editore. hlm. 24–31. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 9 Februari 2021.
- Orr, Leonard (2008). "From High-Modern Aesthete to Postcolonial Subject: An Introduction to the Political Transformation of Joyce Studies". Dalam Orr, Leonard (ed.). Joyce, Imperialism, Postcolonialism. Syracuse University Press. hlm. 1–11. ISBN 9780815631880. OCLC 1244720169.
- Osteen, Mark (1995a). The Economy of Ulysses: Making Both Ends Meet. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815626534. OCLC 1035657242.
- Potts, Willard (1979). "August Suter". Dalam Potts, Willard (ed.). Portraits of the Artist in Exile: Recollections of James Joyce by Europeans. University of Washington Press. hlm. 59–60. ISBN 0295956143. OCLC 1256510754.}
- Rabaté, Jean-Michel (2001). James Joyce and the Politics of Egoism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521009584. OCLC 1159835557.
- Riquelme, John Paul (1983). Teller and Tale in Joyce's Fictions: Oscillating Perspectives. Johns Hopkins University. ISBN 9780801828546. OCLC 803667971.
- Scholes, Robert E. (1992). In Search of James Joyce. University of Illinois Press Press. ISBN 9780252062452. OCLC 1035657242.
- Segall, Jeffrey (1993). Joyce in America: Cultural Politics and the Trials of Ulysses. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520912359. OCLC 45731264.
- Seidel, Michael (2008). James Joyce: A Short Introduction. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470692905. OCLC 437218520.
- Sherry, Vincent B. (2004). James Joyce: Ulysses, A Student Guide. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781283329132. OCLC 80247307.
- Shloss, Carol Loeb (2005). Lucia Joyce: To Dance in the Wake. Picador. ISBN 0312422695. OCLC 1150291846.
- Shockley, Alan (2009). "Playing the Square Circle: Musical Form and Polyphony in the Wake". Dalam Friedman, Alan W.; Rossman, Charles (ed.). De-Familiarizing Readings: Essays from the Austin Joyce Conference. European Joyce Studies. Vol. 18. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi. hlm. 101–102. ISBN 9789042025707. OCLC 907184947.
- Sollers, Phillippe (1978). "Joyce & Co.". Dalam Hayman, David; Anderson, Elliott (ed.). In the Wake of the Wake. University of Wisconsin Press. hlm. 107–122. ISBN 9780299076009. OCLC 1150051810.
- Spender, Stephen (1970). "Stephen Spender, in Listener 1941". Dalam Deming, Robert H. (ed.). James Joyce: The Critical Heritage. Vol. 2: 1928–1941. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 9780389010234. OCLC 75268.
- Strong, L. A. G. (1949). The Sacred River: An Approach to James Joyce. Methuen. OCLC 1151157933.
- Sullivan, Kevin (1958). Joyce among the Jesuits. Columbia University Press. OCLC 1035932848.
- Sultan, Stanley (1987). Eliot, Joyce, and Company. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198021568. OCLC 191953301.
- Vanderham, Paul (1997). James Joyce and Censorship: The Trials of Ulysses. New YorkUniversity Press. ISBN 9780814787908. OCLC 1090993728.
- Van Mierlo, Chrissie (2017). James Joyce and Catholicism: The Apostate's Wake. Bloombury. ISBN 9781472585967. OCLC 1100839903.
- Watson, G. J. (1987). "The Politics of Ulysses". Dalam Newman, Robert D.; Thornton, Weldon (ed.). Joyce's Ulysses: The Larger Perspective. University of Delaware Press. hlm. 39–58. ISBN 9780874133165. OCLC 1150083137.
- White, Tony (2001). Investing in People : Higher Education in Ireland from 1960 to 2000. Institute of Public Administration. ISBN 1902448553. OCLC 1153619624.
- Witen, Michelle (2018). James Joyce and Absolute Music. ISBN 9781350014237. OCLC 1038573672.
Pranala luar
sunting- ^ Ellmann 1982, hlm. 505; 789, n. 27: Cited from Power, Arthur (n.d.). From an Old Waterford House. London. hlm. 63–64.