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* ''Biston cognataria sinitibetica'' <small>Wehrli, 1941</small>
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'''''Biston betularia''''' adalah sejenis spesies [[ngengat]], seperti kebanyakan ngengat, spesies ini merupakan hewan [[nokturnal]].<ref name="urlbsgran.people.wm.edu">{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2640740 |url=http://bsgran.people.wm.edu/melanism.pdf |title=Fine tuning the peppered moth paradigm |first2=Michael E. N. |last2=Majerus |author=Grant, Bruce S |authorlink=Bruce Grant |year= 1999 |format=PDF |journal=Evolution |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=980–4 }}</ref> [[Evolusi biston betularia]] sering digunakan sebagai salah satu contoh [[genetika populasi]] dan [[seleksi alam]].<ref name=Icon6NCSE>{{cite web |url=http://ncse.com/creationism/analysis/icon-6-peppered-moths |title=Icon 6 — Peppered Moths |author=Alan Gishlick |date=November 23, 2006 |publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]] |accessdate=2009-12-19}}</ref>
'''''Biston betularia''''' adalah spesies [[ngengat]]. [[Evolusi biston betularia]] sering digunakan sebagai salah satu contoh [[seleksi alam]].
 
Sebelum terjadinya [[revolusi industri]], biston betularia putih populasinya lebih banyak daripada biston betularia hitam. Setelah terjadinya revolusi industri, jumlah ngengat biston betularia putih lebih sedikit daripada ngengat biston betularia hitam karena warna putihnya yang terang membuat mangsanya bisa melihat dengan jelas.{{butuh rujukan}}
 
== Pranala luar Galeri==
<gallery>
Image:Biston_betularia_parva_male.JPG|Subspesies ''parva'' jantan
Image:Biston_betularia_parva_female.JPG|Subspesies ''parva'' betina
Image:Biston betularia nepalensis male.jpg|Subspesies ''nepalensis'' male
Image:Biston betularia nepalensis female.jpg|Subspesies ''nepalensis'' betina
</gallery>
 
 
==Pranala luar==
{{commons|Biston betularia}}
* [http://www.evowiki.org/wiki.phtml?title=Peppered_moth More on the peppered moth as an example of evolution]
* [[Bruce Grant]] has written several papers on melanism in the peppered moth which are listed on [http://bsgran.people.wm.edu his home page].
* Online lecture: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702152449/http://www.streaming.mmu.ac.uk/cook/ "The rise and fall of the melanic Peppered Moth"] presented by Laurence Cook.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.talkreason.org/articles/moonshine.cfm |title=Talk ReasonMoonshine: argumentsWhy againstthe creationism,Peppered intelligentMoth design,remains andan religiousIcon apologeticsof Evolution |accessdate=20072009-0901-1003 |author=Matt Young |date= |work=Moonshine: Why the Peppered Moth remains an Icon of Evolution |publisher=Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=}}
* {{cite [https://web |url=.archive.org/web/20110724145125/http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/Researchresearch/Majeruspersonal/majerus/Darwiniandisciple.docpdf |title=The Peppered mothMoth: declineDecline of a Darwinian discipleDisciple]. |accessdate=2007-09-10This |author=Michaelis Majerusthe transcript of |authorlink=[[Michael Majerus]]' |coauthors=lecture |date=2004delivered |format=.docto |work=the |publisher=[[British |pages=Humanist |language=Association]] |archiveurl=on |archivedate=[[Darwin |quote=}}Day]] 2004.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615081639/http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/research/personal/majerus/Swedentalk220807.pdf The Peppered Moth: The Proof of Darwinian Evolution]. This is the transcript of Majerus' lecture given at the [[European Society for Evolutionary Biology]] meeting on 23 August 2007. The accompanying [[powerpoint]] presentation is [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615081721/http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/research/personal/majerus/SwedenPepperedmoth2007Ppt.pdf also available as a pdf file].
* {{cite journal |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h7n4r6h026q1u6hk/fulltext.html |title=Industrial Melanism in the Peppered Moth, ''Biston betularia'': An Excellent Teaching Example of Darwinian Evolution in Action |author=Majerus, Michael E. N. |authorlink=Michael Majerus |date=6 December 2008 |doi=10.1007/s12052-008-0107-y |journal=Evolution: Education and Outreach |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=63–74 |quote=Accusations of data fudging and scientific fraud in the case are found to be vacuous. }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111117061649/http://www.recercaenaccio.cat/agaur_reac/AppJava/en/interactiu/20091218-betularia.jsp An interactive game to simulate how evolution works with Biston betularia]
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