Demografi Sri Lanka
Demografi penduduk Sri Lanka meliputi data kepadatan penduduk, etnisitas, jenjang pendidikan, kesehatan penduduk, status ekonomi, agama dan aspek lain dari kependudukan.
| Demografi {{{place}}} | |
|---|---|
 Populasi Sri Lanka, 1961-2003 (FAO, 2005) | |
| Populasi | 20.359.439 (2012 census) |
| Kepadatan | 325/km2 (2012 census) |
| Tingkat pertumbuhan | 0,913% (2012 est.) |
| Tingkat kelahiran | 17,04 kelahiran/1.000 penduduk (2012 est.) |
| Tingkat kematian | 5,96 kematian/1.000 penduduk (July 2012 est.) |
| Harapan hidup | 75.94 tahun (2012 est.) |
| • laki-laki | 72.43 tahun (2012 est.) |
| • perempuan | 79.59 tahun (2012 est.) |
| Tingkat kesuburan | 2.17 kelahiran anak/wanita (2012 est.) |
| Tingkat kematian bayi | 9.47 kematian/1.000 kelahiran hidup(2012 est.) |
| Struktur usia | |
| 0–14 tahun | 25.2% (2012 census) |
| 15–64 tahun | 66.9% (2012 census) |
| 65 dan lebih | 7.9% (2012 census) |
| Rasio jenis kelamin | |
| Total | 0.96 laki-laki/perempuan (2011 est.) |
| Saat lahir | 1.04 laki-laki/perempuan (2011 est.) |
| Di bawah 15 | 1.04 laki-laki/perempuan (2011 est.) |
| 15–64 tahun | 0.96 laki-laki/perempuan (2011 est.) |
| 65 dan lebih | 0.75 laki-laki/perempuan (2011 est.) |
| Kebangsaan | |
| Kebangsaan | noun: Sri Lankan(s) adjective: Sri Lankan |
| Etnis mayoritas | Sinhalese (74.9%) (2012 census) |
| Etnis minoritas |
|
| Bahasa | |
| Resmi | Sinhalese, Tamil |
| Juga dituturkan | Inggris |
Sri Lanka adalah sebuah pulau di Samudra Hindia yang juga dikenal dengan berbagai nama terutama "Ceylon". Berukuran hampir sama dengan pulau Irlandia. Terletak sekitar 28 kilometer (18 mi.) di lepas pantai tenggara India dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 20 juta. Kepadatan penduduk tertinggi terdapat di bagian barat daya, di sekitara kota Kolombo, pelabuhan dan pusat industri utama negera ini. Pertumbuhan bersih penduduk sekitar 0,7%. Penduduk Sri Lanka beragam dari segi kesukuan, bahasa maupun agama.
Latar Belakang
sunting| Penduduk Sri Lanka | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tahun | Jumlah Pend. | ±% |
| 1789[a] | 1,200,000 | — |
| 1827[b] | 889,584 | — |
| 1871 | 2,400,380 | — |
| 1881 | 2,759,738 | — |
| 1891 | 3,007,789 | — |
| 1901 | 3,565,954 | — |
| 1911 | 4,106,350 | — |
| 1921 | 4,498,605 | — |
| 1931 | 5,306,871 | — |
| 1946 | 6,657,339 | — |
| 1953 | 8,097,895 | — |
| 1963 | 10,582,064 | — |
| 1971 | 12,689,897 | — |
| 1981 | 14,846,750 | — |
| 2012 | 20,359,439 | — |
| Sumber: [1][2][3][4][5] | ||
Agama
sunting
| Tahun | Buddhist | Hindu | Muslim | Kristen | Lain-lain | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | ||
| 1881 Census | 1,698,100 | 61.53% | 593,600 | 21.51% | 197,800 | 7.17% | 268,000 | 9.71% | 2,300 | 0.08% | 2,759,800 | |
| 1891 Census | 1,877,000 | 62.40% | 615,900 | 20.48% | 212,000 | 7.05% | 302,100 | 10.04% | 800 | 0.03% | 3,007,800 | |
| 1901 Census | 2,141,400 | 60.06% | 826,800 | 23.19% | 246,100 | 6.90% | 349,200 | 9.79% | 2,500 | 0.07% | 3,566,000 | |
| 1911 Census | 2,474,200 | 60.25% | 938,300 | 22.85% | 283,600 | 6.91% | 409,200 | 9.96% | 1,100 | 0.03% | 4,106,400 | |
| 1921 Census | 2,769,800 | 61.57% | 982,100 | 21.83% | 302,500 | 6.72% | 443,400 | 9.86% | 800 | 0.02% | 4,498,600 | |
| 1931 Estimate | 3,266,600 | 61.55% | 1,166,900 | 21.99% | 354,200 | 6.67% | 518,100 | 9.76% | 1,100 | 0.02% | 5,306,900 | |
| 1946 Census | 4,294,900 | 64.51% | 1,320,400 | 19.83% | 436,600 | 6.56% | 603,200 | 9.06% | 2,200 | 0.03% | 6,657,300 | |
| 1953 Census | 5,209,400 | 64.33% | 1,610,500 | 19.89% | 541,500 | 6.69% | 724,400 | 8.95% | 12,100 | 0.15% | 8,097,900 | |
| 1963 Census | 7,003,300 | 66.18% | 1,958,400 | 18.51% | 724,000 | 6.84% | 884,900 | 8.36% | 11,400 | 0.11% | 10,582,000 | |
| 1971 Census | 8,536,868 | 67.27% | 2,238,666 | 17.64% | 901,785 | 7.11% | 1,004,326 | 7.91% | 8,252 | 0.07% | 12,689,897 | |
| 1981 Census | 10,288,325 | 69.30% | 2,297,806 | 15.48% | 1,121,717 | 7.56% | 1,130,568 | 7.61% | 8,334 | 0.06% | 14,846,750 | |
| 2001 Census[c] | ||||||||||||
| 2012 Census[d] | 14,272,056 | 70.10% | 2,561,299 | 12.58% | 1,967,523 | 9.66% | 1,552,161 | 7.62% | 6,400 | 0.03% | 20,359,439 | |
Bahasa
sunting
Statistik Vital
suntingPerkiraan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa:[10]
| Periode | Kelahiran hidup per tahun | Kematian per tahun | Perubahan alamiah per tahun | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 322 000 | 171 000 | 151 000 | 37.4 | 19.8 | 17.5 | 5.80 | 103.9 |
| 1955–1960 | 367 000 | 143 000 | 223 000 | 38.6 | 15.1 | 23.5 | 5.80 | 86.7 |
| 1960–1965 | 377 000 | 128 000 | 248 000 | 35.5 | 12.1 | 23.4 | 5.20 | 77.5 |
| 1965–1970 | 391 000 | 116 000 | 276 000 | 32.9 | 9.7 | 23.2 | 4.70 | 69.3 |
| 1970–1975 | 383 000 | 103 000 | 280 000 | 29.1 | 7.8 | 21.3 | 4.00 | 55.4 |
| 1975–1980 | 401 000 | 99 000 | 302 000 | 27.8 | 6.9 | 20.9 | 3.61 | 38.8 |
| 1980–1985 | 401 000 | 96 000 | 305 000 | 25.6 | 6.1 | 19.5 | 3.19 | 30.3 |
| 1985–1990 | 362 000 | 110 000 | 253 000 | 21.6 | 6.5 | 15.1 | 2.64 | 24.1 |
| 1990–1995 | 349 000 | 119 000 | 230 000 | 19.6 | 6.7 | 12.9 | 2.39 | 22.1 |
| 1995–2000 | 329 000 | 146 000 | 183 000 | 17.8 | 7.9 | 9.9 | 2.16 | 18.9 |
| 2000–2005 | 360 000 | 121 000 | 239 000 | 18.7 | 6.3 | 12.4 | 2.27 | 15.9 |
| 2005–2010 | 386 000 | 132 000 | 253 000 | 19.0 | 6.5 | 12.5 | 2.36 | 12.4 |
| 2010–2015 | 16.4 | 6.6 | 9.8 | 2.11 | ||||
| 2015–2020 | 14.9 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 2.03 | ||||
| 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births | ||||||||
Kesuburan dan kelahiran
suntingTotal Fertility Rate (TFR; "Tingkat kesuburan total"; Wanted Fertility Rate; "Tingkat kesuburan yang diinginkan") dan Crude Birth Rate (CBR; "Laju kelahiran kasar"):[11]
| Tahun | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) | CBR (Estate) | TFR (Estate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981-1983 | 3,1 | 2,4 | 3,2 | 3,4 | ||||
| 1987 | 2,8 (2,4) | 2,3 (1,9) | 2,9 (2,4) | 3,4 (3,2) | ||||
| 2006-2007 | 18,7 | 2,3 (2,1) | 18,5 | 2,2 (2,0) | 18,6 | 2,3 (2,1) | 20,0 | 2,5 (2,1) |
| Tahun | Penduduk | Kelahiran hidup | Kematian | Peningkatan alamiah | Laju kelahiran | Laju kematian | Laju peningkatan alamiah | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 368 304 | 127 776 | 240 528 | 18.0 | 6.2 | 11.8 | ||
| 2010 | 364 565 | 128 603 | 235 962 | 17.7 | 6.2 | 11.4 | ||
| 2011 | 363 415 | 123 261 | 240 154 | 17.4 | 5.9 | 11.5 | ||
| 2012 | 20 277 597 | 355 900 | 122 063 | 233 837 | 17.5 | 6.0 | 11.5 | |
| 2013 | 365 792 | 127 124 | 238 668 | 17.9 | 6.2 | 11.7 | ||
| 2014 | 349 715 | 127 758 | 221 957 | 16.8 | 6.2 | 10.6 | ||
| 2015 | 334 821 | 131 634 | 200 187 | 16.0 | 6.3 | 9.7 |
Piramid penduduk
suntingProvisional Estimates (01/07/2013) Because of rounding, totals are not in all cases the sum of the respective components.
Perkiraan Provisional (7 Januari 2013):[13]
| Kelompok umur | Laki-laki | Perempuan | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 9 940 000 | 10 544 000 | 20 483 000 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 891 000 | 871 000 | 1 762 000 | 8.60 |
| 5-9 | 895 000 | 869 000 | 1 764 000 | 8.61 |
| 10-14 | 835 000 | 810 000 | 1 645 000 | 8.03 |
| 15-19 | 819 000 | 839 000 | 1 658 000 | 8.09 |
| 20-24 | 754 000 | 777 000 | 1 530 000 | 7.47 |
| 25-29 | 751 000 | 806 000 | 1 557 000 | 7.60 |
| 30-34 | 799 000 | 849 000 | 1 649 000 | 8.05 |
| 35-39 | 688 000 | 732 000 | 1 421 000 | 6.94 |
| 40-44 | 673 000 | 711 000 | 1 384 000 | 6.76 |
| 45-49 | 625 000 | 666 000 | 1 291 000 | 6.30 |
| 50-54 | 585 000 | 643 000 | 1 228 000 | 6.00 |
| 55-59 | 505 000 | 561 000 | 1 066 000 | 5.20 |
| 60-64 | 428 000 | 495 000 | 924 000 | 4.51 |
| 65-69 | 287 000 | 348 000 | 635 000 | 3.10 |
| 70-74 | 182 000 | 231 000 | 413 000 | 2.02 |
| 75-79 | 116 000 | 170 000 | 286 000 | 1.40 |
| 80+ | 107 000 | 164 000 | 270 000 | 1.32 |
| Kelompok umur | Laki-laki | Perempuan | Total | Persen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 2 621 000 | 2 550 000 | 5 171 000 | 25.25 |
| 15-64 | 6 627 000 | 7 081 000 | 13 708 000 | 66.92 |
| 65+ | 692 000 | 913 000 | 1 605 000 | 7.84 |
Statistik demografi menurut CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
suntingEthnicity in Sri Lanka (2012)[6]
Sinhalese (74.9%)
Sri Lanka Tamils (11.2%)
Sri Lankan Moors (9.3%)
Indian Tamils (4.2%)
Other (0.5%)
Statistik demografi berikut adalah dari CIA World Factbook, kecuali diberi keterangan lain:[14]
- Penduduk - 21,481,334 (July 2012 est.)[e]
- Struktur umur - 0–14 years: 23.9% (male 2,594,815/female 2,493,002); 15–64 years: 68% (male 7,089,307/female 7,418,123); 65 years and over:8.1% (male 803,172/female 926,372) (2010 est.)
- Median umur - total: 31.1 years; male: 30.1 years; female: 32.2 years (2012 est.)
- Laju pertumbuhan penduduk - 0.913% (2012 est.)
- Angka kelahiran - 17.04 births/1.000 penduduk (2012 est.)
- Angka kematian - 5.96 deaths/1.000 penduduk (July 2012 est.)
- Laju migrasi bersih - -1.95 migran/1.000 penduduk (2012 est.)
Catatan
sunting- ^ Estimate.
- ^ Non scientific census of the whole island.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamacensus01 - ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamacensus12 - ^ Since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2010 est.) Aside from such migrants, there is an estimated 1.7 million Sri Lankans who are employed abroad (2010 est.), through which Sri Lanka earned USD 4.1 billion in annual worker remittances in 2010. Such remittances are a key source of foreign exchange for Sri Lanka.
Referensi
sunting- ^ The Population of Sri Lanka (PDF). Population Growth: C.I.C.R.E.D. Series. 1974. hlm. 3–4. Diakses tanggal 2 August 2014.
- ^ Census of Population Sri Lanka 1971 - General Report. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. 1977. hlm. 18. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Table 2.1: Population by sex and district, census years" (PDF). Statistical Abstract 2013. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-04-02.
- ^ "Population by age group and sex". LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamafinal2012 - ^ a b c "South Asia ::SRI LANKA". CIA The World Factbook. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-15. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>tidak sah; nama "CIATONGA" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ "Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka, 2012 - Table A4: Population by district, religion and sex" (PDF). Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-12-29. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-15.
- ^ "Table 2.13: Population by religion and census years" (PDF). Statistical Abstract 2013. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-04-02.
- ^ "Population by religion". LankaSIS Sri Lanka Statistical Information Service. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka.
- ^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Diarsipkan May 6, 2011, di Wayback Machine.
- ^ http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=14&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=
- ^ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ^ "Demographic Yearbook". UN Data. United Nations. Diakses tanggal 4 December 2015.
- ^ "Sri Lanka". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-24. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-15.