Pertempuran Salsu

Pertempuran Salsu
	Bagian dari Perang Goguryeo-Sui
Tanggal	612
Lokasi	Sungai Salsu, kini disebut Sungai Cheongcheon
Hasil	Kemenangan besar Goguryeo Dinasti Sui semakin tidak stabil, mempercepat kejatuhannya;
Pihak terlibat
Sui	Goguryeo
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Yu Zhongwen; Yuwen Shu	Eulji Mundeok
Kekuatan
305.000	Tidak diketahui, lebih sedikit dari Sui
Korban
302.300 korban jiwa	Unknown

Pertempuran Salsu adalah pertempuran yang berlangsung pada tahun 612 antara Goguryeo di Korea melawan Dinasti Sui dari Tiongkok. Goguryeo berhasil memenangkan pertempuran ini walaupun jumlah pasukannya kalah dengan Sui.

Pada tahun 612, Kaisar Yang menyerang Goguryeo dengan mengirim lebih dari satu juta pasukan.^[2]^[5] Ia tidak dapat menembus pertahanan Goguryeo di Liaoyang/Yoyang, sehingga ia mengirim 300.000 pasukan untuk menguasai Pyongyang, ibu kota Goguryeo.

Jenderal Goguryeo Eulji Mundeok mencoba bertahan selama berbulan-bulan. Ia berpura-pura mundur hingga ke pedalaman wilayah Goguryeo, dan ia menunggu serangan pasukan Sui di Sungai Salsu. Eulji Mundeok telah membangun bendungan dari jauh-jauh hari, sehingga saat pasukan Sui tiba, sungainya sudah dangkal. Saat pasukan Sui yang tidak curiga sama sekali menyeberangi sungai ini, Eulji Mundeok membuka bendungannya, dan akibatnya ribuan pasukan Sui pun tenggelam. Pasukan berkuda Goguryeo lalu menyerang sisanya dan mengakibatkan korban jiwa yang besar.

Berkat kemenangan ini, Goguryeo dapat mengakhiri Perang Goguryeo-Sui, sementara Dinasti Sui mulai runtuh dari dalam dan akhirnya jatuh. Dinasti ini lalu digantikan oleh Dinasti Tang.

Referensi sunting

^ "The Three Kingdoms". National Assembly of South Korea. Diakses tanggal 2007-02-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. hlm. 47. ISBN 067461576X. "Koguryŏ was the first to open hostilities, with a bold assault across the Liao River against Liao-hsi, in 598. The Sui emperor, Wen Ti, launched a retaliatory attack on Koguryŏ but met with reverses and turned back in mid-course. Yang Ti, the next Sui emperor, proceeded in 612 to mount an invasion of unprecedented magnitude, marshalling a huge force said to number over a million men. And when his armies failed to take Liao-tung Fortress (modern Liao-yang), the anchor of Koguryŏ's first line of defense, he had a nearly a third of his forces, some 300,000 strong, break off the battle there and strike directly at the Koguryŏ capital of P'yŏngyang. But the Sui army was lured into a trap by the famed Koguryŏ commander Ŭlchi Mundŏk, and suffered a calamitous defeat at the Salsu (Ch'ŏngch'ŏn) River. It is said that only 2,700 of the 300,000 Sui soldiers who had crossed the Yalu survived to find their way back, and the Sui emperor now lifted the siege of Liao-tung Fortress and withdrew his forces to China proper. Yang Ti continued to send his armies against Koguryŏ but again without success, and before long his war-weakened empire crumbled."
^ ^a ^b Nahm, Andrew C. (2005). A Panorama of 5000 Years: Korean History (edisi ke-Second revised). Seoul: Hollym International Corporation. hlm. 18. ISBN 093087868X. "China, which had been split into many states since the early 3rd century, was reunified by the Sui dynasty at the end of the 6th century. Soon after that, Sui China mobilized a large number of troops and launched war against Koguryŏ. However, the people of Koguryŏ were united and they were able to repel the Chinese aggressors. In 612, Sui troops invaded Korea again, but Koguryŏ forces fought bravely and destroyed Sui troops everywhere. General Ŭlchi Mundŏk of Koguryŏ completely wiped out some 300,000 Sui troops which came across the Yalu River in the battles near the Salsu River (now Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River) with his ingenious military tactics. Only 2,700 Sui troops were able to flee from Korea. The Sui dynasty, which wasted so much energy and manpower in aggressive wars against Koguryŏ, fell in 618."
^ (Korea) "Battle of Salsu", Encyclopædia Britannica Korean Edition Diarsipkan 2011-07-16 di Wayback Machine.
^ "King Yeongyang (2)". KBS World Radio. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-25. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2016.

Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[assembly-1] "The Three Kingdoms". National Assembly of South Korea. Diakses tanggal 2007-02-12.

[Lee-2] Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. hlm. 47. ISBN 067461576X. "Koguryŏ was the first to open hostilities, with a bold assault across the Liao River against Liao-hsi, in 598. The Sui emperor, Wen Ti, launched a retaliatory attack on Koguryŏ but met with reverses and turned back in mid-course. Yang Ti, the next Sui emperor, proceeded in 612 to mount an invasion of unprecedented magnitude, marshalling a huge force said to number over a million men. And when his armies failed to take Liao-tung Fortress (modern Liao-yang), the anchor of Koguryŏ's first line of defense, he had a nearly a third of his forces, some 300,000 strong, break off the battle there and strike directly at the Koguryŏ capital of P'yŏngyang. But the Sui army was lured into a trap by the famed Koguryŏ commander Ŭlchi Mundŏk, and suffered a calamitous defeat at the Salsu (Ch'ŏngch'ŏn) River. It is said that only 2,700 of the 300,000 Sui soldiers who had crossed the Yalu survived to find their way back, and the Sui emperor now lifted the siege of Liao-tung Fortress and withdrew his forces to China proper. Yang Ti continued to send his armies against Koguryŏ but again without success, and before long his war-weakened empire crumbled."

[Nahm-3] Nahm, Andrew C. (2005). A Panorama of 5000 Years: Korean History (edisi ke-Second revised). Seoul: Hollym International Corporation. hlm. 18. ISBN 093087868X. "China, which had been split into many states since the early 3rd century, was reunified by the Sui dynasty at the end of the 6th century. Soon after that, Sui China mobilized a large number of troops and launched war against Koguryŏ. However, the people of Koguryŏ were united and they were able to repel the Chinese aggressors. In 612, Sui troops invaded Korea again, but Koguryŏ forces fought bravely and destroyed Sui troops everywhere. General Ŭlchi Mundŏk of Koguryŏ completely wiped out some 300,000 Sui troops which came across the Yalu River in the battles near the Salsu River (now Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River) with his ingenious military tactics. Only 2,700 Sui troops were able to flee from Korea. The Sui dynasty, which wasted so much energy and manpower in aggressive wars against Koguryŏ, fell in 618."

[Battle_of_Salsu-4] (Korea) "Battle of Salsu", Encyclopædia Britannica Korean Edition Diarsipkan 2011-07-16 di Wayback Machine.

[5] "King Yeongyang (2)". KBS World Radio. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-25. Diakses tanggal 27 June 2016.

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