Jihadisme

Jihadisme adalah sebuah neologisme yang dipakai dalam rujukan kepada "gerakan Islamis militan yang keberadaannya dianggap mengancam Barat" dan "berakar dalam politik Islam."^[1] Mula-mula muncul dalam media Pakistan dan India, para wartawan Barat mengadopsi istilah tersebut setelah serangan 11 September 2001.^[2] Sejak itu, istilah tersebut diterapkan kepada berbagai tokoh dan organisasi ekstrimis Islam, Islamis militan, dan teroris yang memiliki ideologi yang berdasarkan pada gagasan Islam dari jihad.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Referensi sunting

^ Compare: Firestone, Reuven (2012). ""Jihadism" as a new religious movement". Dalam Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael. The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 263–285. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.018. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. 'Jihadism' is a term that has been constructed in Western languages to describe militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West. Western media have tended to refer to Jihadism as a military movement which is rooted in political Islam. [...] 'Jihadism,' like the word jihad from which it is constructed, is a difficult term to precisely define. The meaning of Jihadism is a virtual moving target because it remains a recent neologism and no single, generally accepted meaning has been developed for it.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Kramer
^ Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". Dalam Cusack, Carole M.; Upal, M. Afzal. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. 21. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. hlm. 485–512. doi:10.1163/9789004435544_026  . ISBN 978-90-04-43554-4. ISSN 1874-6691.
^ DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (22 February 2018) [10 May 2017]. "Jihad". Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0045. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2021.
^ Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). "Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective". Arab Law Quarterly. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 31 (4): 305–335. doi:10.1163/15730255-12314024  . ISSN 1573-0255.
^ Cook, David (2015) [2005]. "Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory". Understanding Jihad (edisi ke-2nd). Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 93–127. ISBN 9780520287327. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10. LCCN 2015010201.

Kesusastraan sunting

Abbas, Tahir (2007). Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2528-4.

Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2010). Islam and Political Violence: Muslim Diaspora and Radicalism in the West. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-473-2.

Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2009). Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-687-3.

Aslan, Reza (2010). Global Jihadism. ISBN 978-3-639-25006-0.

Botobekov, Uran (2021). "How Central Asian Salafi-Jihadi Groups are Exploiting the Covid-19 Pandemic: New Opportunities and Challenges". Dalam Käsehage, Nina. Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic. Religionswissenschaft. 21. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. hlm. 107–148. doi:10.14361/9783839454855-005  . ISBN 978-3-8376-5485-1.

Brachman, Jarret (2008). Global jihadism: theory and practice. vol. 10 of Cass series on political violence, Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-45241-0. *The Devolution of Jihadism: From Al Qaeda to Wider Movement . Stratfor. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4537-4664-6.

Brzuszkiewicz, Sarah (2020). "Jihadism and Far-Right Extremism: Shared Attributes With Regard to Violence Spectacularisation". European View. 19 (1): 71–79. doi:10.1177/1781685820915972  .

Coolsaet, Rik (2008). Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalisation Challenge in Europe. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-7217-3.

Hegghammer, Thomas (2010). Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51858-1.

Hegghammer, Thomas (2015). ""Classical" and "Global" Jihadism in Saudi Arabia". Dalam Haykel, Bernard; Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane. Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 207–228. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139047586.014. ISBN 978-1-107-00629-4.

Käsehage, Nina (2021). "Towards a Covid-Jihad – Millennialism in the field of Jihadism". Dalam Käsehage, Nina. Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic. Religionswissenschaft. 21. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. hlm. 81–106. doi:10.14361/9783839454855-004  . ISBN 978-3-8376-5485-1.

Kepel, Gilles (2021) [2000]. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Bloomsbury Revelations (edisi ke-5th). London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781350148598. OCLC 1179546717.

Khosrokhavar, Farhad (2009). Inside Jihadism: Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide . Paradigm. ISBN 978-1-59451-616-0.

Lahoud, Nelly (2010). The Jihadis' Path to Self-destruction. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84904-062-4.

Lohlker (ed.), Rüdiger (2013). Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations. Vienna University Press. ISBN 978-3-8471-0068-3.

Lohlker (ed.), Rüdiger (2012). New Approaches to the Analysis of Jihadism. Vienna University Press. ISBN 978-3-89971-900-0.

Malik, S. K. (1986). The Quranic Concept of War (PDF). Himalayan Books. ISBN 81-7002-020-4.

Pargeter, Alison (2008). The New Frontiers of Jihad: Radical Islam in Europe. I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-391-9.

Pasha, Mustapha Kamal (April 2010). "In the Shadows of Globalization: Civilizational Crisis, the 'Global Modern', and 'Islamic Nihilism'". Globalizations. Taylor & Francis. 7 (1–2): 173–185. doi:10.1080/14747731003593463.

Ranstorp, Magnus (2009). Understanding Violent Radicalisation. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55630-9.

Rhodes, Darion (2014). Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate. International Institute for Counter-Terrorism.

Sageman, Marc (2008). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-first Century. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4065-8.

Sanchez, James (2007). Who's Who in Al-Qaeda & Jihadi Movements in South and Southeast Asia 19,906 Key Individuals, Organizations, Incidents, and Linkages. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4303-1473-8.

Vertigans, Stephen (2007). Militant Islam: A Sociology of Characteristics, Causes and Consequences. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41246-9.

de Pommereau, Isabelle (2015). To fight homegrown jihadis, Germany takes lesson from battle with neo-Nazis. The Christian Science Monitor.

Pranala luar sunting

Zahid, Farhan (8 January 2020). "Jihadism in South Asia: A militant landscape in flux". www.mei.edu. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute. Diakses tanggal 7 September 2020.

[ccnrm-263-1] Compare: Firestone, Reuven (2012). ""Jihadism" as a new religious movement". Dalam Hammer, Olav; Rothstein, Mikael. The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 263–285. doi:10.1017/CCOL9780521196505.018. ISBN 978-0-521-19650-5. LCCN 2012015440. 'Jihadism' is a term that has been constructed in Western languages to describe militant Islamic movements that are perceived as existentially threatening to the West. Western media have tended to refer to Jihadism as a military movement which is rooted in political Islam. [...] 'Jihadism,' like the word jihad from which it is constructed, is a difficult term to precisely define. The meaning of Jihadism is a virtual moving target because it remains a recent neologism and no single, generally accepted meaning has been developed for it.

[Kramer-2] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Kramer

[Poljarevic_2021-3] Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". Dalam Cusack, Carole M.; Upal, M. Afzal. Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. 21. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. hlm. 485–512. doi:10.1163/9789004435544_026  . ISBN 978-90-04-43554-4. ISSN 1874-6691.

[DeLong-Bas_2018-4] DeLong-Bas, Natana J. (22 February 2018) [10 May 2017]. "Jihad". Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0045. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2021.

[Badara_2017-5] Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). "Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective". Arab Law Quarterly. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 31 (4): 305–335. doi:10.1163/15730255-12314024  . ISSN 1573-0255.

[Cook_2015-6] Cook, David (2015) [2005]. "Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory". Understanding Jihad (edisi ke-2nd). Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 93–127. ISBN 9780520287327. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10. LCCN 2015010201.

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