Żul Qarnain: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Berkata sebagian ahli kitab: karena dia raja [[Persia]] dan [[Romawi]], dan dikatakan: Karena dia sampai pada dua ujung matahari barat dan timur dan menguasai keduanya, dan ini menyerupai kesalahannya yaitu perkataan az-Zuhri. Berkata Hasan al-Bashri: Dia memiliki dua jalinan rambut yang melingkar maka dinamakan Dzul Qarnain. Berkata Ishaq bin Abdillah bin Basyar dari Abdillah bin Ziyad bin Sam’an dari Umar bin Syuaib dari bapaknya dari kakeknya, dia berkata: Dia memanggil raja yang lalim kepada Allah kemudian memukul tanduknya, mematahkanya dan meremukkannya, maka dinamakan Dzul Qarnain.
== Dzul Qarnain dan Aleksander Agung ==
Dzul Qarnain kemungkinan didasarkan atas [[Aleksander Agung di dalam Quran|Aleksander Agung]].
[[File:Al-Idrisi's world map.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[Idrisi|Al-Idrisi]]'s map (South up) shows "Yajooj" and "Majooj" ([[Gog and Magog]]) enclosed within dark mountains in the bottom-left edge of the Eurasian landmass.]]
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==Gog and Magog, the Alexander Romance, and the wall of Dhul-Qarnayn==
Dhul Qarnayn is probably based on [[Alexander the Great in the Quran|Alexander the Great]].{{sfn|Netton|2006|p=72-73}} According to a legend current in Jewish circles around the time of Christ the [[Scythians]], identified with [[Gog and Magog]], once defeated one of Alexander's generals, upon which Alexander built a wall in the [[Caucasus mountains]] to keep them out of civilised lands; the legend went through much further elaboration in the following centuries, and eventually found its way into the Quran through a Syrian version.{{sfn|Bietenholz|1994|p=122-123}}
Alexander was already known as "the two-horned one" in these early legends.{{sfn|Van Donzel|Schmidt|2010|p=57}} The reasons for this are somewhat obscure. The scholar [[al-Tabari]] held that Alexander was called "the two-horned" because he went from one extremity ("horn") of the world to the other,{{sfn|Van Donzel|Schmidt|2010|p=57 fn.3}} but it may ultimately derive from the image of Alexander wearing the horns of the ram-god [[Ammon|Zeus-Ammon]], as popularised on coins throughout the [[Hellenistic]] Near East.{{sfn|Pinault|1992|p=181 fn.71}} The wall may have reflected a distant knowledge of the [[Great Wall of China]] (the 12th century scholar al-[[Idrisi]] drew a map for [[Roger of Sicily]] showing the "Land of Gog and Magog" in [[Mongolia]]), or of various [[Sassanid Persia]]n walls built in the [[Caspian area]] against the northern barbarians, or a conflation of the two.{{sfn|Glassé|Smith|2003|p=39}}
"Qarn" (horn) also means "period" or "century", and the name Dhul Qarnayn therefore has a symbolic meaning as "He of the Two Ages", the first being the mythological time when the wall is built and the second the age of the end of the world when Allah's [[shariah]], the divine law, is removed and Gog and Magog are to be set loose.{{sfn|Glassé|Smith|2003|p=38}} Modern Islamic apocalyptic writers, holding to a literal reading, put forward various explanations for the absence of the wall from the modern world, some saying that Gog and Magog were the Mongols and that the wall is now gone, others that both the wall and Gog and Magog are present but invisible.{{sfn|Cook|2005|p=205-206}}
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Aleksander Agung]]
== Referensi ==
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