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'''Marsion''' (dari kota '''Sinope'''), (ca. [[110]]-[[160]]), adalah salah satu pemimpin besar pada abad ke-2 , pendiri kelompok yang disebut [[Marsionisme]]. Salah satu pemikirannya yang banyak memicu perdebatan adalah pemisahan radikal antara Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru.<Ref name="David">David L. Baker. 1996. Satu Alkitab Dua Perjanjian: Studi tentang Hubungan Teologis antara Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. 36.></ref> Marsion menganggap bahwa Perjanjian Lama yang diwakili oleh taurat tidak dapat disandingkan dengan Injil.<Ref name="David"></ref>
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== Referensi ==
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and one of the first to be strongly denounced by other Christians (who would later be called [[Catholic]] as opposed to Marcionite) as [[Heresy|heretical]]. He created a strong ecclesiastical organization, parallel to that of the [[Church of Rome]], with himself as [[Bishop]]. The [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] says of the Marcionites "they were perhaps the most dangerous foe Christianity has ever known."
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According to the 1911 [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] article on [http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/MAL_MAR/MARCION.html Marcion]: "It was no mere school for the learned, disclosed no mysteries for the privileged, but sought to lay the foundation of the Christian community on the pure [[gospel]], the authentic institutes of [[Christ]]. The pure gospel, however, Marcion found to be everywhere more or less corrupted and mutilated in the Christian circles of his time. His undertaking thus resolved itself into a reformation of [[Christendom]]. This reformation was to deliver Christendom from [[Judaizers|false Jewish doctrines]] by restoring the [[Pauline Christianity|Pauline conception of the gospel]], —Paul being, according to Marcion, the only [[apostle]] who had rightly understood the new message of [[salvation]] as delivered by Christ. In Marcion's own view, therefore, the founding of his church—to which he was first driven by opposition—amounts to a reformation of Christendom through a return to the gospel of Christ and to Paul; nothing was to be accepted beyond that. This of itself shows that it is a mistake to reckon Marcion among the [[Gnostics]]. A [[dualist]] he certainly was, but he was not a Gnostic."
 
According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', "it is obvious that Marcion was already a consecrated bishop" and "we can take it for granted then, that Marcion was a bishop, probably an assistant or suffragan of his father at [[Sinop|Sinope]]." Ernest Evans states that Marcion founded in Rome "a church which within half a generation expanded throughout the known world, vigorous enough to be in almost every place a serious rival to the Catholic church, and with strong enough convictions to retain its expansive power for more than a century, and to survive heathen persecution, Christian controversy, and imperial disapproval for several centuries more" (Evans 1972 p. ix).
 
Some ideas of Marcion's reappeared with [[Manichaean]] developments among the Bulgarian [[Bogomil]]s of the [[10th century]] and their [[Cathar]] heirs of southern France in the [[13th century]]. Marcion's attempt to recover the authentic Jesus has been a constant theme of Christian reformers, reappearing in different guises, for example in the [[Jefferson Bible]], [[Albert Schweitzer]], and the [[Jesus Seminar]].
 
What made Marcion distinct from the many who sought to recover the authentic Jesus, was that he believed that while the universe was created by [[Yahweh]], the God behind Jesus and his teachings is not the same as the universal creator. This position has led many in orthodox branches to label his teachings Gnostic, as they make use of the concept of the Demiurge and a Docetic Christ.
 
== History ==
What we know of Marcion comes mostly through his detractors, who are in substantial agreement. The first mention of Marcion was in [[Justin Martyr]]'s ''Apologia'' (I 26), written mid-century, which finds Marcion yet alive and his followers dispersed among many nations. Marcion was possibly the wealthy son of the bishop of [[Sinope]] (modern [[Sinop|Sinop, Turkey]]), in [[Pontus]] province. However, Marcion was supposedly excommunicated from the church for seducing a virgin by his own father, casting him as a Catholic degenerate. With these allegations considered, it seems more likely that this was folklore spread by the Catholic church in order to portray Marcion in a negative light, with respects to the potential damage he and his ideas presented to the Catholic church. He himself is described as ''nautes, nauclerus'', a ship owner, by [[Rhodon]] and [[Tertullian]], who wrote about a generation after Marcion's death [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09645c.htm]. The hostile confrontation of Marcion described in ''Adversus haereses'' of [[Polycarp]]'s pupil [[Irenaeus]] was expanded in a more detailed and more furious polemic written by [[Tertullian]], ''Adversus Marcionem'' [http://www.tertullian.org/articles/evans_marc/evans_marc_01title_preface.htm]. [[Hippolytus (writer)|Hippolytus]] says he was the son of a bishop who excommunicated him on grounds of immorality, a story that is difficult to believe given other statements that he was a very moral man and the strong tendency to accuse heretics of immorality. He eventually found his way to Rome about 142–3, for Tertullian, writing about 208, dates the beginning of Marcion's teachings 115 years after the [[Crucifixion]], which Tertullian placed in AD 26–27 (''Adversus Marcionem'', xix).
 
In the next few years after his arrival in Rome, he worked out his theological system, based on his interpretation of the message of Jesus, and attracted a large following. When conflicts with the bishops of Rome arose, Marcion began to organize his followers into a separate community. He was [[excommunication|excommunicated]] by the [[Church of Rome]] around [[144]] (115 years and 6 months from the [[Chronology of Jesus' birth and death|crucifixion of Jesus]] according to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''), which returned his previous donation of 200,000 [[sesterces]], a very large sum, considering records from [[Pompeii]] show a slave being sold at auction for 6252 sesterces; the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' attributes these funds possibly to [[Simony|purchase the bishopric of Rome]] after [[Pope Hyginus]] died about in 143 and before [[Pope Pius I|Pius I]] was appointed successor. Tertullian claimed [[Valentinius]] was a candidate at that same time.
 
From then on, he apparently used Rome as a base of operations, devoting his gift for organization and considerable wealth to the propagation of his teachings and the establishment of compact communities throughout the [[Roman Empire]], making converts of every age, rank and background. He created a strong ecclesiastical organization, parallel to that of the Church of Rome, with himself as bishop.
 
Tertullian and Irenaeus report that Marcion attempted to use his money to influence the Church to adopt his teaching, which they rejected. He also came face to face at Rome with [[Polycarp]], who claimed to have known John (either [[John the Apostle]] or [[John the Presbyter]]) personally— Polycarp called him "the first born of Satan." His numerous critics included the aforementioned, along with [[Ephrem the Syrian|Ephraim of Syria]], [[Dionysius of Corinth]], [[Theophilus of Antioch]], [[Philip of Gortyna]], [[Hippolytus (writer)|Hippolytus]] and [[Rhodo]] in Rome, [[Bardesanes]] at Edessa, [[Clement of Alexandria]], and [[Origen]]. Such a battery of opponents suggests a very real and widespread teaching running counter to what would later be called Catholic. Nevertheless, "not even Tertullian can find any strictures to pass on the morals of Marcion or his adherents" (Evans 1972 p. xiv).
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== Referensi ==
* Blackman, E.C. ''Marcion and His Influence'' 2004 ISBN 1-59244-731-7
* Clabeaux, John James. ''The Lost Edition of the Letters of Paul: A Reassessment of the Text of Pauline Corpus Attested by Marcion (Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series No. 21)'' 1989 ISBN 0-915170-20-5
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