Pasukan pemelihara perdamaian PBB: Perbedaan antara revisi
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=== Cost ===
Peacekeeping costs, especially since the end of the [[Cold War]], have risen dramatically. In 1993, annual UN peacekeeping costs had peaked at some $3.6 billion, reflecting the expense of operations in the former Yugoslavia and Somalia. By 1998, costs had dropped to just under $1 billion. With the resurgence of larger-scale operations, costs for UN peacekeeping rose to $3 billion in 2001. In [[2004]], the approved budget was $2.8 billion, although the total amount was higher than that. For the last fiscal year, which ended on [[June 30]], [[2006]], UN peacekeeping costs were about [[US dollar|US$]]5.03 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]].
All member states are legally obliged to pay their share of peacekeeping costs under a complex formula that they themselves have established. Despite this legal obligation, member states owed approximately $1.20 billion in current and back peacekeeping dues as of June 2004.
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=== Non-United Nations Peacekeeping ===
[[Berkas:Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-un-holds-head.jpg|thumb|[[Norway|Norwegian]] Peacekeeper during the [[Siege of Sarajevo]], 1992 - 1993, photo by [[Mikhail Evstafiev]].]]
Not all peacekeeping forces have been directly controlled by the United Nations. In 1981, an agreement between Israel and Egypt formed the [[Multinational Force and Observers]] which continues to monitor the [[Sinai Peninsula]].
Six years later, an Indian peacekeeping force, [[IPKF]], entered [[Sri Lanka]] to help maintain peace. The situation became a quagmire, and India was asked to withdraw in 1990 by the Sri Lankan Prime Minister having formed a pact with the Tamil Tiger rebels.
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The [[UN Charter]] stipulates that to assist in maintaining peace and security around the world, all member states of the UN should make available to the Security Council necessary armed forces and facilities. Since 1948, close to 130 nations have contributed military and civilian police personnel to peace operations. While detailed records of all personnel who have served in peacekeeping missions since 1948 are not available, it is estimated that up to one million soldiers, police officers and civilians have served under the UN flag in the last 56 years. As of November 2005, 107 countries were contributing a total of more than 70,000 uniformed personnel—the highest number since 1995.
Despite the large number of contributors, the greatest burden continues to be borne by a core group of developing countries. The 10 main troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations as of February 2006 were [[Bangladesh]] (10,126), [[Pakistan]] (9,797), [[India]] (9,290), [[Nepal]] (3,510), [[Jordan]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Uruguay]], [[Ghana]], [[Nigeria]] and [[South Africa]].<ref name="unpko-summary">{{cite_web | title=Monthly Summary of Contributors to UN Peacekeeping Operations | url=http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/contributors/2006/july06_2.pdf | accessdate=2006-03-26}}</ref>
About 4.5% of the troops and civilian police deployed in UN peacekeeping missions come from the [[European Union]] and less than one percent from the [[United States]] (USA). The biggest contributor from a western country is [[Poland]] with 707 peacekeepers, in 21<sup>st</sup> place. The USA ranks 31<sup>st</sup> with 393 peacekeepers, although it pays more than 26 per cent of the costs. The [[EU]] combined have 4,421 peacekeepers.
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The head of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Under-Secretary-General [[Jean-Marie Guéhenno]], has reminded Member States that “the provision of well-equipped, well-trained and disciplined military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping operations is a collective responsibility of Member States. Countries from the [[Global South|South]] should not and must not be expected to shoulder this burden alone”.
As of May 2004, in addition to military and police personnel, more than 3,400 international civilian personnel, 1,500 UN Volunteers and nearly 6,500 local civilian personnel worked in UN peacekeeping missions.
Until the end of 2005, 2,226 people from over 100 countries have been killed while serving on peacekeeping missions, 1,789 of them being soldiers. Many of those came from [[India]] (115), [[Canada]] (113) and [[Ghana]] (108). Thirty percent of the fatalities in the first 55 years of UN peacekeeping occurred in the years 1993-1995.
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