Donald Trump: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|party = [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Republik]] {{small|(1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–sekarang)}}
|otherparty = {{ubl|[[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Demokrat]] {{small|(sebelum 1987, 2001–2009)}}|[[Partai Reformasi Amerika Serikat|Reformasi]] {{small|(1999–2001)}}|[[Politikus independen|Independen]] {{small|(2011–2012)}}<ref name="politifact">{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican `in the last decade’ |work=[[PolitiFact.com|PolitiFact]] |date=August 24, 2015 |url=http://www.politifact.com/florida/statements/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |access-date=October 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="sargent">{{cite web |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/blogs/hilary-sargent/2014/01/22/the-man-responsible-for-donald-trump-never-ending-presidential-campaign/95LunCt63n3xKoq5DyJNFI/blog.html |title=The Man Responsible for Donald Trump’s Never-Ending Presidential Campaign |last=Sargent |first=Hilary |date=January 22, 2014 |website=[[Boston.com]] |quote=A New Hampshire Republican activist named Mike Dunbar dreamed up the idea of a Donald Trump presidency [in] early summer of 1987... Dunbar launched a ‘Draft Trump’ campaign... Stories about a possible Trump presidency ran in newspapers across the country... (Trump was registered as a Democrat at the time...)}}</ref>}}
|spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]<br />|1977|1991|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]<br />|1993|1999|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]<br />|2005}}}}<!-- Omit married names (the use of married names implies that their surname before the marriage was "Trump", and overrules WP:COMMONNAME) -->
|children = {{unbulleted list|[[Donald Trump Jr.|Donald Jr.]]|[[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]]|[[Eric Trump|Eric]]|[[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]]|[[Barron Trump|Barron]]}}<!-- Omit motherbus' names (as nonessential information customarily found in a Royalty infobox rather than a Person infobox). -->
|alma_mater = [[Universitas Fordham]]<br />[[Universitas Pennsylvania]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])}}
|blank1 = Kekayaan bersih
|data1 = {{increase}} [[dolar Amerika Serikat|US$]]4,5 miliar<ref name=FORBES>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/?list=billionaires|title=#324 Donald Trump|publisher=Forbes}}</ref><!-- NOTE: Please take wealth rankings only from annual lists. Avoid real-time rankings. -->
Baris 29:
{{Seri Donald Trump}}
'''Donald John Trump''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɒ|n|əl|d|_|dʒ|ɒ|n|_|t|r|ʌ|m|p}}; {{lahirmati|[[New York City]], [[New York]]|14|6|1946}}) adalah pebisnis, tokoh [[televisi realita]], politikus, dan [[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] [[Daftar Presiden Amerika Serikat|ke-45]].
Sejak 1971, ia memimpin [[The Trump Organization]], [[perusahaan induk]] utama untuk semua usaha properti dan kepentingan bisnis lain miliknya. Sepanjang [[karier bisnis Donald Trump|karier bisnisnya]], Trump telah membangun gedung perkantoran, hotel, kasino, lapangan golf, dan [[daftar hal bernama Donald Trump|fasilitas bermerek lainnya]] di seluruh dunia. Ia terpilih sebagai [[daftar Presiden Amerika Serikat|presiden Amerika Serikat ke-45]] pada [[pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat 2016|pilpres 2016]] dari [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Republik]]; ia mengalahkan calon dari [[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Demokrat]], [[Hillary Clinton]]. Ia [[Pelantikan Donald Trump|dilantik]] pada tanggal 20 Januari 2017.<!--Age, and status as oldest new president, are later in the lead, whereas there has so far been no consensus at the talk page to have that info in the opening paragraph too.-->
Trump lahir dan besar di New York City. Ia meraih gelar sarjana dari jurusan ekonomi [[Wharton School]] di [[Universitas Pennsylvania]] pada tahun 1968. Tahun 1971, ia mengambil alih kendali perusahaan properti dan konstruksi milik ayahnya, [[Fred Trump]]. Trump tampil di berbagai ajang [[Miss USA]] yang penyelenggaraannya dikuasai Trump sejak tahun 1996 sampai 2015. Ia juga tampil secara [[cameo|mendadak]] di sejumlah [[film]] dan seri televisi. Ia sempat [[kampanye presiden Donald Trump 2000|mencalonkan diri]] sebagai presiden dari [[Partai Reformasi Amerika Serikat|Partai Reformasi]] pada tahun 2000, namun mengundurkan diri sebelum pemungutan suara dimulai. Ia merupakan pembawa acara dan produser ''[[The Apprentice (seri TV A.S.)|The Apprentice]]'', seri televisi realita di [[NBC]], pada tahun 2004 sampai 2015. {{As of|
Pada Juni 2015, Trump mengumumkan [[kampanye presiden Donald Trump 2016|pencalonan dirinya]] sebagai presiden dari Partai Republik dan langsung menjadi calon unggulan. Bulan Mei 2016, para pesaingnya di Partai Republik menghentikan kampanyenya masing-masing. Bulan Juli 2016, ia secara resmi dicalonkan sebagai presiden pada [[Konvensi Nasional Republik 2016]]. Kampanye Trump mendapat liputan media dan perhatian luas di dalam maupun luar negeri. Banyak pernyataan Trump dalam berbagai wawancara, [[Twitter]], maupun kegiatan kampanyenya yang memicu kontroversi atau terbukti keliru.<!-- This wording has consensus and is sourced in the body of the article; do not alter without discussion. See talk page 'RfC: Donald Trump's false campaign statements'. --> Sejumlah kegiatan kampanye Trump sepanjang pemilihan pendahuluan dibarengi oleh [[unjuk rasa menolak Donald Trump|unjuk rasa]]. Setelah Trump memenangi pemilu, ia memulai proses [[transisi presiden Donald Trump|transisi pemerintahan]]. Pada usia 70 tahun, ia merupakan [[Daftar Presiden Amerika Serikat menurut usia|orang tertua yang menjabat sebagai presiden]] Amerika Serikat.
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Trump lahir tanggal 14 Juni 1946 di [[Jamaica, Queens]], salah satu permukiman di New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |title=Certificate of Birth: Donald John Trump |author=Jamaica Hospital |date=June 14, 1946 |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409070650/http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf |archivedate=April 9, 2011 |deadurl=no |accessdate=May 31, 2016}}</ref> Ia merupakan anak keempat dari lima bersaudara. Tiga saudaranya masih hidup: [[Maryanne Trump Barry|Maryanne]], Elizabeth, dan Robert. Kakak Trump, Fred Jr., meninggal dunia pada tahun 1981 akibat [[alkoholisme]]. Atas alasan inilah, Donald tidak pernah meminum minuman beralkohol atau merokok.<ref>{{cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
Trump memiliki keturunan [[Jerman]] dari pihak ayahnya dan [[Skotlandia]] dari pihak ibunya. Keempat kakek-neneknya lahir di [[Eropa]]. Ayahnya, [[Fred Trump]] (1905–1999), lahir di [[Queens]] dari orang tua yang berasal dari [[Kallstadt]], Jerman, dan menjadi salah satu pengembang properti terbesar di New York City.<ref name=dad>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is |url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |access-date= July 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=August 9, 2000 |title=Mary MacLeod Trump Philanthropist, 88 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/09/nyregion/mary-macleod-trump-philanthropist-88.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |type=Obituary |access-date=May 12, 2016}}</ref> Ibunya, [[Mary Anne MacLeod|Mary Trump]] (née MacLeod, 1912–2000), lahir di [[Tong, Lewis]], Skotlandia.<ref name=Pilon>{{cite news |title=Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother |first=Mary |last=Pilon |date=June 24, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother}}</ref> Fred dan Mary bertemu di New York dan menikah pada tahun 1936, lalu membangun rumah tangga di Queens.<ref name=Pilon /><ref>{{cite news |title=The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps |first=Sally |last=McGrane |date=April 29, 2016 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps}}</ref> Pamannya, [[John G. Trump]], seorang dosen di [[Institut Teknologi Massachusetts]] dari tahun 1936 sampai 1973, terlibat dalam penelitian radar pihak Sekutu pada [[Perang Dunia Kedua]] dan membantu merancang mesin sinar-X yang memperpanjang usia penderita kanker. Pada tahun 1943, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] meminta John Trump mempelajari penelitian dan alat-alat [[Nikola Tesla]] setelah Tesla meninggal di kamarnya di [[New Yorker Hotel]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Davidson |first=Amy |date=April 8, 2016 |title=Donald Trump’s Nuclear Uncle |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/donald-trumps-nuclear-uncle |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=July 24, 2016}}</ref> Kakek Donald Turmp adalah [[Frederick Trump]], pengusaha restoran dan asrama di sekitar Seattle dan [[Klondike, Yukon|Klondike]], Kanada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Donald Trump's grandfather ran Canadian brothel during gold rush|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/trump-canada-yukon-1.3235254|publisher=[[CBC News]]|accessdate=December 10, 2015|date=September 19, 2015}}</ref>
[[Keluarga Trump]] aslinya merupakan pengikut [[Lutheran]], namun orang tua Trump merupakan jemaat [[Gereja Reformed Amerika]].<ref>Blair, Gwenda (2001). T''he Trumps: Three Generations of Builders and a Presidential Candidate'' (1st ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 28–29 and p. 453. ISBN
=== Pendidikan ===
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Keluarga ini memiliki rumah dua lantai berarsitektur [[Kebangkitan Tudor]] di Midland Parkway, [[Jamaica Estates]], tempat Trump menetap saat masih bersekolah di [[The Kew-Forest School]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=September 22, 2015 |title=Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 17, 2016}}</ref> Trump berhenti sekolah pada usia 13 tahun dan mendaftar di [[New York Military Academy]] (NYMA),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Valerie |title=Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/07/17/yes-donald-trump-really-went-to-an-ivy-league-school/ |accessdate=February 27, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 17, 2015}}</ref> [[Cornwall, New York]]. Di sana, Trump lulus setelah menyelesaikan kelas delapan. Pada tahun 1983, Fred Trump mengatakan kepada seorang wartawan bahwa Donald itu "anak yang cukup bandel ketika masih kecil."<ref name=Bender7Aug>{{cite news |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/07/business/the-empire-and-ego-of-donald-trump.html |title=The empire and ego of Donald Trump |work=The New York Times |date=August 7, 1983 |author=Bender, Marylin}}</ref> Trump ikut serta dalam latiha ngerak baris, mengenakan seragam, dan mendapat pangkat kapten pada tahun seniornya. Ia dipindahkan dari jabatan komandan setelah salah satu anggotanya diduga memplonco anggota baru di baraknya; Trump mengatakan bahwa ia "naik pangkat" dengan pemindahan tersebut.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Michael |title=50 years later, disagreements over young Trump's military academy record |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/decades-later-disagreement-over-young-trumps-military-academy-post/2016/01/09/907a67b2-b3e0-11e5-a842-0feb51d1d124_story.html |accessdate=April 9, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> Tahun 2015, Trump memberitahu penulis biografinya bahwa NYMA memberinya "latihan militer yang lebih keras dibandingkan orang-orang yang terlibat di militer".<ref name=Barbaro8Sept>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/us/politics/donald-trump-likens-his-schooling-to-military-service-in-book.html |title=Donald Trump Likens His Schooling to Military Service in Book |work=The New York Times |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |date=September 8, 2015 |accessdate=September 8, 2015}}</ref>
Trump kuliah di [[Universitas Fordham]] di [[Bronx]] selama dua tahun sejak Agustus 1964. Ia kemudian pindah ke [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]], [[Universitas Pennsylvania]], [[Philadelphia]]. Wharton School saat itu merupakan salah satu perguruan yang memiliki departemen kajian properti di Amerika Serikat.<ref name="Blair2005">{{cite book |first=Gwenda |last=Blair |title=Donald Trump: Master Apprentice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AiFeQZhakXQC&pg=PA16 |year=2005 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-7510-1 |pages=16–}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Viser |title=Even in college, Donald Trump was brash |date=August 28, 2015 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html}}</ref> Ia mengambil kerja sampingan di perusahaan milik keluarganya, Elizabeth Trump & Son, yang menggunakan nama [[Elizabeth Christ Trump|nenek Trump]] dari pihak bapak.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer/ |title=The real reason Donald Trump is so rich |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 3, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |first=Max |last=Ehrenfreund}}</ref> Trump lulus dari Wharton bulan Mei 1968 dengan gelar [[Bachelor of Science]] dari jurusan ekonomi.<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Best Known Brand Name in Real Estate |date=Spring 2007 |website=[[The Wharton School]] |url=https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/125anniversaryissue/trump.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |title=Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |date=May 20, 1968 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |deadurl=y}}</ref>
Trump tidak ikut wajib militer pada masa [[Perang Vietnam]].<ref name="defer">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show |title=Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show |date=April 29, 2011 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |author=Montopoli, Brian |accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> Semasa kuliah tahun 1964 sampai 1968, ia mendapat empat surat penangguhan medis.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-donald-trump-military-20160803-snap-htmlstory.html |title=How deferments protected Donald Trump from serving in Vietnam |last=Lee |first=Kurtis |date=August 4, 2016 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |issn=0458-3035|access-date=August 4, 2016 |via=}}</ref> Tahun 1966, ia dinilai layak ikut wajib militer setelah mengikuti uji kesehatan militer. Tahun 1968, ia dinilai layak oleh dewan wajib militer daerah, tetapi diberikan surat [[Selective Service System|penangguhan medis]] 1-Y pada Oktober 1968.<ref name="Whitlock21July">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html |title=Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War |last=Whitlock |first=Craig |date=July 21, 2015 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Dalam sebuah wawancara untuk biografi tahun 2015, Trump mengatakan bahwa ia diberi surat penangguhan medis karena memiliki [[taji tumit]].<ref name="Barbaro8Sept" /> Bulan Desember 1969, Trump mendapat nilai tinggi pada [[undian wajib militer (1969)|undian wajib militer]] sehingga ia boleh tidak ikut dinas militer.<ref name="Whitlock21July" /><ref name="RG">{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-vietnam-draft-records-secret-documents-deferments/story?id=13492639 |title=Donald Trump's Own Secret: Vietnam Draft Records |last=Goldman |first=Russell |date=April 29, 2011 |publisher=[[ABC News]] |quote=Nor do the documents categorically suggest it was deferments and not a high draft number that ultimately allowed him to avoid the draft. |accessdate=August 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="SE">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html |title=Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=August 1, 2016 |last2=Philipps |first2=Dave |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |quote=Because of his medical exemption, his lottery number would have been irrelevant, said Richard Flahavan, a spokesman for the Selective Service System, who has worked for the agency for three decades... Still, Mr. Trump, in the interviews, said he believed he could have been subject to another physical exam to check on his bone spurs, had his draft number been called. 'I would have had to go eventually because that was a minor medical...' But the publicly available draft records of Mr. Trump include the letters 'DISQ' next to his exam date, with no notation indicating that he would be re-examined.|access-date=August 2, 2016 |via= |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
=== Karier properti ===
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Pada tahun [[1970]]an, Trump mendapat keuntungan dari Pemerintah kota New York atas pembayaran pajak sebagai ganti krisis keuangan yang dihadapi [[Hotel Commodore]]. Trump juga sukses mengembangkan bidang properti untuk Javits Convention Center. Berkembangnya Javits Convention Center membuat Trump berurusan dengan pemerintah kota New York. Salah satu proyeknya yang bernilai US$ 110 juta ternyata membuat New York membayar antara US$ 750 juta hingga US$ 1 miliar. Trump menawarkan untuk mengganti rugi proyek itu tetapi tawarannya ditolak.
Keadaan yang serupa terjadi ketika New York berusaha untuk merenovasi ''Wollman Rink'' di [[Central Park]]. Sebuah proyek pada tahun [[1980]] yang ditagetkan selesai dalam 2,5 tahun, tetapi hingga tahun 1986 dan US$ 12 juta telah dikeluarkan proyek belum selesai. Trump menawarkan untuk menangani proyek itu dan ia menyelesaikannya dalam waktu 6 bulan dengan dana hanya US$ 2,750,000. Menariknya, selama awal tahun
=== Resesi dan kebangkrutan ===
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald}}
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