Edmonia Lewis

Mary Edmonia Lewis (lahir di Greenbush, New York, Amerika Serikat, 4 Juli 1844 – meninggal di London, Britania Raya, 17 September 1907 pada umur 63 tahun) adalah seorang pemahat asal Amerika Serikat yang berkarya dalam sebagian besar masa kariernya di Roma, Italia. Lahir merdeka di New York, ia merupakan wanita berdarah Afrika-Amerika dan Amerika Asli pertama yang meraih ketenaran mancanegara dan dikenal sebagai pemahat dalam dunia seni rupa murni.

Edmonia Lewis
Lahir	Mary Edmonia Lewis 4 Juli 1844 Greenbush, New York, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	17 September 1907(1907-09-17) (umur 63) London, Britania Raya
Kebangsaan	Mississauga Ojibwe (ibu) dan Afro-Haiti (ayah)
Pendidikan	New York Central College, Oberlin College
Dikenal atas	Memahat
Gerakan politik	Neoklasikisme Akhir

Daftar pustaka

• Buick, Kirsten Pai (2010). Child of the Fire: Mary Edmonia Lewis and the Problem of Art History's Black and Indian Subject. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4266-3. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Chadwick, Whitney (2012). Women, Art, and Society (edisi ke-5th). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500204054. 
• "The Death of Cleopatra". Smithsonian American Art Museum (museum catalog record). Diakses tanggal 1 August 2018. 
• Gold, Susanna W. (Spring 2012). "The death of Cleopatra / the birth of freedom: Edmonia Lewis at the new world's fair". Biography. 35 (2): 318–324. doi:10.1353/bio.2012.0014 – via EBSCO. 
• Hartigan, Lynda Roscoe (1985). Sharing Traditions: Five Black Artists in Nineteenth-Century America: From the Collections of the National Museum of American Art. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. OCLC 11398839. 
• Henderson, Harry; Henderson, Albert (2012). The Indomitable Spirit of Edmonia Lewis: a narrative biography. Esquiline Hill Press. ISBN 978-1-58863-451-1. 
• Katz, William L.; Franklin, Paula A. (1993). "Edmonia Lewis: Sculptor". Proudly Red and Black: Stories of African and Native Americans. New York: Maxwell Macmillan. ISBN 978-0689318016. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• May, Stephen (September 1996). "The Object at Hand". Smithsonian. hlm. 20. Diakses tanggal 31 July 2018. 
• Nelson, Charmaine A. (2007). The Color of Stone: Sculpting the Black Female Subject in Nineteenth-Century America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0816646517. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Perry, Regenia A. (1992). Free within Ourselves: African-American Artists in the Collection of the National Museum of American Art. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art. ISBN 978-1566400732. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Pickett, Mary (1 March 2002). "Samuel W. Lewis: Orphan leaves mark on Bozeman". Billings Gazette. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Plowden, Martha W. (1994). "Edmonia Lewis-Sculptor". Famous Firsts of Black Women (edisi ke-2nd). Gretna: Pelican Company. ISBN 978-1565541979. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (2009). ”Edmonia Lewis and Her Italian Circle,” in Serpa Salenius, ed., Sculptors, Painters, and Italy: ItalianInfluence on Nineteenth-Century American Art, Il Prato Casa Editrice, Padua, Italy, pp. 99–110. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (2011). “Sculptor’s Death Unearthed: Edmonia Lewis Died in 1907,” ARTFIXdaily, 9 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (2011). “Three Indians in Battle by Edmonia Lewis,” Maine Antique Digest, Jan. 2011, p. 10-A. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (1986). "Vita: Edmonia Lewis," Harvard Magazine, March, 1986. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
• Richardson, Marilyn (July 1995). "Edmonia Lewis' The Death Of Cleopatra: Myth And Identity". The International Review of African American Art. 12 (2): 36. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (Summer 2008). "Edmonia Lewis at McGrawville: The early education of a nineteenth-century black women artist". Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 22 (2): 239–256. doi:10.1080/08905490008583510. 
• "Sculptor Edmonia Lewis' 'Cleopatra' revived and on view in Washington: Heritage Corner". New York Amsterdam News. 87 (22). 1 June 1996. hlm. 37. ISSN 1059-1818. ProQuest 390284855. 
• Wolfe, Rinna Evelyn (1998). Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble. Parsippany, NJ: Dillon Press. ISBN 0-382-39714-2. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Woods, Naurice Frank (1993). Insuperable Obstacles: The Impact of Racism on the Creative and Personal Development of Four Nineteenth Century African American Artists. Cincinnati: Union Institute. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 

Bacaan tambahan

• Bearden, Romare (1993). A History of African-American Artists From 1792 to the Present. Pantheon Books, Random House. ISBN 0-394-57016-2. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. 
• Farrington, Lisa E (2005). Creating Their Own Images: The History of African-American Women Artists. New York: Oxford University Press. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (1999). "Edmonia Lewis". Dalam National Council of Learned Societies. American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1701145. 
• Richardson, Marilyn (10 October 2008). Edmonia Lewis and the Boston of Italy. The City and the Book V: International Conference on Americans in Florence's 'English' Cemetery. 

Pranala luar

• Kutipan tentang Edmonia Lewis di Wikiquote
• Henderson, Albert (2005). "Edmonia Lewis". edmonialewis.com. 
• "Edmonia Lewis biography". Lakewood Public Library. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 January 1999. 
• Lewis, Jone Johnson. "Edmonia Lewis, African American and Native American Sculptor". Women's History. About.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 December 2007. 
• Perry, Regenia A. (June 1976). "Selections of nineteenth-century Afro-American Art" (PDF). Exhibition Catalog. Metropolitan Museum of Art: 9. OCLC 893699642. b10403693. 
• "Night (Two Sleeping Children)". Sculpture. Baltimore Museum of Art. 1870. 2003.10.