Kebudayaan Chavín

Kebudayaan Chavín adalah sebuah peradaban prasejarah yang telah punah, yang mengambil nama dari Chavín de Huantar, situs arkeologi utama dimana artefak-artefaknya ditemukan. Budaya tersebut berkembang di dataran tinggi Andes utara Peru dari 900 SM sampai 200 SM. Budaya tersebut meluaskan pengaruhnya ke peradaban lain di sepanjang pesisir.^[1]^[2]

Referensi sunting

^ Burger, Richard L. 2008 "Chavin de Huantar and its Sphere of Influence", In Handbook of South American Archeology, edited by H. Silverman and W. Isbell. New York: Springer, pp. 681–706
^ Burger, Richard L., and Nikolaas J. Van Der Merwe (1990). "Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavín Civilization: An Isotopic Perspective", American Anthropologist 92(1):85–95.

Sumber sunting

Bennett, Wendell C. (1943) "The Position of Chavin in Andean Sequences", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 86(2, Symposium on Recent Advances in American Archeology), [323–327].
Burger, Richard L. and Nikolaas J. Van Der Merwe. "Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavin Civilization: An Isotopic Perspective", American Anthropologist 92, 1 (1990), [85–95].
Burger, Richard L. 1992 Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization. New York: Thames and Hudson.
Burger, Richard L. 1992 "Sacred Center at Chavin de Huantar". In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago. Art Institute of Chicago, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
Burger, Richard L. 2008 "Chavin de Huantar and its Sphere of Influence", In Handbook of South American Archeology, edited by H. Silverman and W. Isbell. Springer, New York, [681–706].
Druc, Isabelle C. 2004 "Ceramic Diversity in Chavín De Huantar, Peru". Latin American Antiquity 15(3), [344–363].
Kanåo, Chiaki. 1979 The Origins of the Chavin Culture. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University.
Kembel, Silvia Rodriquez and John W. Rick. 2004 Building Authority at Chavin de Huantar: Models of Social Organization and Development in the Initial Period and Early Horizon. In Andean Archaeology. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
Lothrop, S. K. "Gold Artifacts of Chavin Style" Society for American Anthropology 16, 3 (1951), [226–240].
Mann, Charles C. (July 2011). "Writing, Wheels, and Bucket Brigades". 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Vintage Books. hlm. 273–274. ISBN 978-1-4000-3205-1.
Miller, George R. and Richard L. Burger. "Our Father the Cayman, Our Dinner the Llama: Animal Utilization at Chavin de Huantar, Peru", American Antiquity 60, 3 (1995). [421–458]
Tello, Julio C. "Discovery of the Chavin Culture in Peru", American Antiquity 9, 1 (1943), [135–160], As you can see the Chavin influenced many other civilizations!
Enter The Jaguar Mike Jay 2005.

Pranala luar sunting

http://www.ancient.eu/Chavin_Civilization Ancient History Encyclopedia

(Spanyol) Peru Cultural website
Minnesota State University e-museum
Chavín de Huantar Digital Media Archive Diarsipkan 2011-11-17 di Wayback Machine. (Creative Commons-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a Stanford University/CyArk research partnership (see Exploring Chavín de Huantar link above for additional contextual information)
Chavín Project with a bibliography and external links
Chavín Culture Diarsipkan 2012-02-08 di Wayback Machine.

[sphere_of_influence-1] Burger, Richard L. 2008 "Chavin de Huantar and its Sphere of Influence", In Handbook of South American Archeology, edited by H. Silverman and W. Isbell. New York: Springer, pp. 681–706

[maize-2] Burger, Richard L., and Nikolaas J. Van Der Merwe (1990). "Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavín Civilization: An Isotopic Perspective", American Anthropologist 92(1):85–95.

[1]

[2]