Rajatawa

Striga
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
(tanpa takson):	Angiospermae
(tanpa takson):	Eudikotil
(tanpa takson):	Asterids
Ordo:	Lamiales
Famili:	Orobanchaceae
Genus:	Striga

Striga, atau secara lokal dikenal dengan rajatawa adalah marga (genus) tumbuhan yang mencakup sekelompok gulma parasit tanaman pangan Dalam pustaka berbahasa Inggris dikenal sebagai witchweed atau witchers weed. Tumbuhan ini ditemukan di Afrika, Asia, dan Australia, terutama di kawasan beriklim tropis. Beberapa jenisnya merupakan organisme pengganggu tanaman yang serius karena tidak sekadar menjadi parasit tetapi juga menyebabkan penyakit tanaman pangan, terutama di kawasan pertanian savanna Afrika. Sebagai pengganggu, Striga telah menyebar pula ke benua Amerika. Striga merupakan tumbuhan yang sangat diawasi penyebarannya oleh jawatan-jawatan karantina di seluruh dunia.

Gangguan

Jagung, sorgum, dan tebu adalah tanaman yang paling sering terganggu oleh striga, bahkan dapat menimbulkan kerugian 100%, termasuk di Amerika Serikat. Di Afrika, striga menjadi salah satu pengganggu terpenting. Sekitar 40% lahan savanna Afrika yang dapat digarap terkena dampak striga, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian sampai 13 miliar dollar AS per tahun.

Beberapa jenis

Photo of a striga plant (witchweed)

Striga bilabiata

• Striga asiatica has a very wide geographic distribution, from Africa through southern and eastern Asia to Australia. Since the 1950s, it is also known from the United States. This introduction, likely a result of human activity, resulted in an infestation of corn (maize) across many counties in North and South Carolina. The United States Department of Agriculture and state agencies imposed a quarantine on this area to control its spread - a process that was apparently successful.
• Striga gesnerioides, cowpea witchweed, as its name implies, is a parasite of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), which is not a grass, but a member of the legume family (Fabaceae or Leguminosae). This species was also accidentally introduced into Florida in the United States, where it was found parasitizing Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo, another legume).
• Striga hermonthica (purple witchweed) is also a parasite that affects grasses, particularly sorghum and pearl millet in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal to Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania, Angola, Namibia).
• Striga aequinoctialis West Africa
• Striga angolensis Angola
• Striga angustifolia East Africa, Asia, Indonesia
• Striga asiatica (Asiatic witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, Burma, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea, Australia (introduced?), USA (introduced)
• Striga aspera Africa
• Striga bilabiata Africa
• Striga brachycalyx Africa.
• Striga chrysantha Central Africa
• Striga dalzielii West Africa
• Striga elegans Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe
• Striga forbesii Africa, Madagascar
• Striga gastonii Chad, Central African Republic
• Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) Africa, Arabian peninsula, India, USA (introduced)
• Striga gracillima Tanzania
• Striga hallaei Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo
• Striga hirsuta Madagascar
• Striga indica India
• Striga junodii South Africa, Mozambique
• Striga klingii West Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo
• Striga latericea East Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia
• Striga lepidagathidis Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau
• Striga lutea Sudan, Ethiopia
• Striga macrantha West Africa, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Togo
• Striga passargei West and Central Africa, Arabian peninsula
• Striga pinnatifida Ethiopia
• Striga primuloides Ivory Coast, Nigeria
• Striga pubiflora Somalia
• Striga yemenica Ethiopia

Galeri

• 
  Striga densiflora in Hyderabad, India
• 
  Striga densiflora in Hyderabad
• 
  Striga densiflora in Hyderabad

Lihat pula

• Push–pull technology

Bacaan lanjutan

• Clark, Lawrence J.; Shawe, Keith G.; Hoffmann, Gŕrard; Stewart, George R. (1994). "The effect ofStriga hermonthica(Del.) Benth. Infection on gas-exchange characteristics and yield of a sorghum host, measured in the field in Mali". Journal of Experimental Botany. 45 (2): 281–3. doi:10.1093/jxb/45.2.281. 
• Gérard, Hoffmann; Loisel, Roger (1994). Contribution à l'étude des Phanérogames parasites du Burkina Faso et du Mali: quelques aspects de leur écologie, biologie et techniques de lutte (PhD Thesis) (dalam bahasa Prancis). OCLC 489977820. Templat:INIST. 
• Gérard, Hoffmann; Diarra, C; Dembele, D (1994). "Outbreaks and new records: Striga asiatica, new pest of maize in Mali". FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Plant Protection Bulletin. 42 (42): 214–5. 
• Gérard, Hoffmann; Marnotte, P.; Dembélé, D (1997). "Emploi d'herbicides pour lutter contre Striga hermonthica : Striga". Agriculture et Développement (dalam bahasa Prancis). 13: 58–62. Templat:INIST. 
• Khan, Zeyaur R.; Hassanali, Ahmed; Overholt, William; Khamis, Tsanuo M.; Hooper, Antony M.; Pickett, John A.; Wadhams, Lester J.; Woodcock, Christine M. (2002). "Control of witchweed Striga hermonthica by intercropping with Desmodium spp., and the mechanism defined as allelopathic". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 28 (9): 1871–85. doi:10.1023/A:1020525521180. PMID 12449513. 
• Khan, Zeyaur R.; Midega, Charles A. O.; Hassanali, Ahmed; Pickett, John A.; Wadhams, Lester J. (2007). "Assessment of Different Legumes for the Control of in Maize and Sorghum". Crop Science. 47 (2): 730–4. doi:10.2135/cropsci2006.07.0487. 
• Moore, T. H. M.; Lane, J. A.; Child, D. V.; Arnold, G. M.; Bailey, J. A.; Hoffmann, G. (1995). "New sources of resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) toStriga gesnerioides, a parasitic angiosperm". Euphytica. 84 (3): 165–74. doi:10.1007/BF01681808. 

Pranala luar

• The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga Photo Gallery
• The Parasitic Plant Connection: Striga asiatica in the USA
• Witchweed
• UN Development Programme
• Striga research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
• Parasitic Plants as Weeds Diarsipkan 2007-02-17 di Wayback Machine.
• Striga weed control with herbicide-coated maize seed, CIMMYT Diarsipkan 2010-06-06 di Wayback Machine.
• A recipe for Striga control in sub-saharan Africa Diarsipkan 2006-03-03 di Wayback Machine.
• Moore, T. H. M.; Lane, J. A.; Child, D. V.; Arnold, G. M.; Bailey, J. A.; Hoffmann, G. (1995). "New sources of resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) toStriga gesnerioides, a parasitic angiosperm". Euphytica. 84 (3): 165–74. doi:10.1007/BF01681808. 
• Facebook community page "Striga Research and Control"