Operasi Freedom Deal

Operasi Freedom Deal
	Bagian dari Perang Vietnam
Tanggal	19 Mei 1970 – 15 Agustus 1973
Lokasi	Kamboja
Hasil	Tidak jelas, diyakini menunda jatuhnya Kamboja ke tangan Khmer Merah.
Pihak terlibat
Amerika Serikat; Republik Khmer	Republik Demokratik Vietnam ; Khmer Merah
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Richard M. Nixon	Pol Pot
Korban
	Pejuang Khmer Merah dan warga sipil Kamboja: 40,000–150,000 tewas Angka tersebut merujuk kepada seluruh pengeboman AS terhadap Kamboja, termasuk pengeboman Operasi Menu. Korban Vietnam: tidak diketahui

Operasi Freedom Deal adalah sebuah kampanye dukungan udara tertutup dan interdiksi Seventh Air Force AS yang dilakukan di Kamboja (kemudian Republik Khmer) antara 19 Mei 1970 dan 15 Agustus 1973, pada masa Perang Vietnam. Target awal dari operasi tersebut dan wilayah-wilayah markas dan suaka-suaka perbatasan Tentara Rakyat Vietnam dan Khmer Merah. Pada masa itu, sebagian besar pengeboman dilakukan untuk mendukung pemerintah Kamboja dalam perjuangannya melawan komunis Khmer Merah. Wilayah dimana pengeboman tersebut terjadi meliputi sebagian besar setengah bagian timur Kamboja.

Operasi Freedom Deal menyusul dan meneruskan pengeboman Kamboja yang dilakukan di bawah Operasi Menu pada 1969 dan 1970. Kebanyakan pengeboman dilakukan oleh pesawat pengebom berat Angkatan Udara AS B-52. Dampak pengeboman tersebut dan jumlah warga sipil yang terbunuh oleh pengeboman AS dipersengketakan.

Catatan sunting

^ Chandler, David (2000). Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot, Revised Edition. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. hlm. 96–7. [The bombing] had the effect the Americans wanted—it broke the Communist encirclement of Phnom Penh.
^ Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L’Harmattan, 1995), pp41-8.
^ Owen, Taylor and Ben Kiernan, Bombs Over Cambodia, The Walrus, October 2006.
^ See also Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia," in Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; and Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, for an overview of Cambodian civil war estimates.

Referensi sunting

Dokumen Pemerintah yang Dipublikasi

Nalty, Bernard C., Air War over South Vietnam, 1969–1975. Washington DC: Air Force Museums and History Program, 2000.
Nalty, Bernard C.The War Against Trucks: Aerial Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1968–1973. Washington DC: Air Force Museums and History Program, 2005.

Sumber Sekunder

Arnold Isaacs, Gordon Hardy, MacAlister Brown, et al., Pawns of War: Cambodia and Laos. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1987
Lipsman, Samuel, Stephen Weiss, et al., The False Peace: 1972–74, Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985.
Morocco, John, Operation Menu in War in the Shadows. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1988.
Morocco, John, Rain of Fire: Air War, 1969–1975. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985.
Shawcross, William, Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the Destruction of Cambodia. New York: Washington Square Books, 1979.

[1] Chandler, David (2000). Brother Number One: A Political Biography of Pol Pot, Revised Edition. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. hlm. 96–7. [The bombing] had the effect the Americans wanted—it broke the Communist encirclement of Phnom Penh.

[2] Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L’Harmattan, 1995), pp41-8.

[3] Owen, Taylor and Ben Kiernan, Bombs Over Cambodia, The Walrus, October 2006.

[4] See also Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia," in Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; and Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, for an overview of Cambodian civil war estimates.

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