Nicholas Kaldor
Nicholas Kaldor, Baron Kaldor (lahir Káldor Miklós) (12 Mei 1908 – 30 September 1986) adalah ekonom Cambridge era pascaperang. Ia mengembangkan kriteria "kompensasi" yang disebut efisiensi Kaldor–Hicks untuk perbandingan kesejahteraan pada tahun 1939; kriteria ini diturunkan dari model jaring laba-laba. Ia juga mengamati fenomena rutin tertentu pada pertumbuhan ekonomi yang disebut hukum pertumbuhan Kaldor.[1] Kaldor juga bekerja sama dengan Gunnar Myrdal untuk mengembangkan konsep sebab kumulatif melingkar, sebuah pendekatan multisebab yang variabel inti dan tautannya terlihat jelas. Myrdal dan Kaldor mempelajari hubungan melingkar; dalam hubungan ini, kesalingtergantungan antarfaktor cenderung kuat dan variabel-variabel penentu proses besarnya saling terikat.
| Nicholas Kaldor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lahir | 12 Mei 1908 Budapest, Hungaria |
| Meninggal | 30 September 1986 (umur 78) Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire, Inggris |
| Kebangsaan | Britania Raya |
| Bidang | Ekonomi politik |
| Mazhab | Ekonomi pasca-Keynes |
| Dipengaruhi | John Maynard Keynes, Gunnar Myrdal |
| Kontribusi | Efisiensi Kaldor–Hicks Hukum pertumbuhan Kaldor Sebab kumulatif melingkar |
Gunnar Myrdal mengetahui konsep ini dari Knut Wicksell, lalu mengembangkannya bersama Nicholas Kaldor saat masih sama-sama bekerja di Komisi Ekonomi PBB untuk Eropa. Myrdal berfokus pada aspek sosial dari pembangunan, sedangkan Kaldor berfokus pada hubungan permintaan-penawaran di sektor produksi. Kaldor juga menciptakan istilah "convenience yield"[2] yang berkaitan dengan pasar komoditas dan teori penyimpanan (awalnya dikembangkan oleh Holbrook Working).
Karya sunting
- The Case Against Technical Progress, 1932, Economica
- The Determinateness of Static Equilibrium, 1934, RES
- The Equilibrium of the Firm, 1934, EJ
- Market Imperfection and Excess Capacity, 1935, Economica
- Pigou on Money Wages in Relation to Unemployment, 1937, EJ
- 1939, Welfare propositions of economics and interpersonal comparisons of utility. Economic Journal 49:549–52.
- Speculation and Economic Stability, 1939, RES
- Capital Intensity and the Trade Cycle, 1939, Economica
- A Model of the Trade Cycle, 1940, EJ
- Professor Hayek and the Concertina Effect, 1942, Economica
- The Relation of Economic Growth and Cyclical Fluctuations, 1954 EJ
- An Expenditure Tax, 1955.
- Alternative Theories of Distribution, 1956, RES
- A Model of Economic Growth, 1957, EJ
- Monetary Policy, Economic Stability, and Growth, 1958.
- Economic Growth and the Problem of Inflation, 1959, Economica.
- A Rejoinder to Mr. Atsumi and Professor Tobin, 1960, RES
- Keynes's Theory of the Own-Rates of Interest, 1960, in Kaldor, 1960.
- Essays on Value and Distribution, 1960.
- Essays on Economic Stability and Growth, 1960.
- Capital Accumulation and Economic Growth, 1961, in Lutz, editor, Theory of Capital
- A New Model of Economic Growth, with James A. Mirrlees, 1962, RES
- The Case for a Commodity Reserve Currency, with A.G. Hart and J. Tinbergen, 1964, UNCTAD
- Essays on Economic Policy, 1964, two volumes.
- Causes of the Slow Rate of Economic Growth in the UK, 1966.
- The Case for Regional Policies, 1970, Scottish JE.
- The New Monetarism, 1970, Lloyds Bank Review
- Conflicts in National Economic Objectives, 1971, EJ
- The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics, 1972, EJ
- What is Wrong with Economic Theory, 1975, QJE
- Inflation and Recession in the World Economy, 1976, EJ
- Equilibrium Theory and Growth Theory, 1977, in Boskin, editor, Economics and Human Welfare.
- Capitalism and Industrial Development, 1977, Cambridge JE
- Further Essays on Economic Theory, 1978.
- The Role of Increasing Returns, Technical Progress and Cumulative Causation..., 1981, Economie Appliquee
- Fallacies on Monetarism, 1981, Kredit und Kapital.
- The Scourge of Monetarism, 1982.
- The economic consequences of Mrs. Thatcher, 1983.
- The Role of Commodity Prices in Economic Recovery, 1983, Lloyds Bank Review
- Keynesian Economics After Fifty Years, 1983, in Trevithick and Worswick, editors, Keynes and the Modern World
- Economics Without Equilibrium, 1985.
Lihat pula sunting
Referensi sunting
Bacaan lanjutan sunting
- Thirlwall, Anthony P. (1987). Nicholas Kaldor. New York: New York University Press.
- Memorandum on the value added tax, Labour NEC archives, 1963
Pranala luar sunting
- The Scourge of Monetarism (1982)
- Biography Diarsipkan 2004-04-04 di Wayback Machine.
- Kaldor Business Cycle Model by Elmer G. Wiens