Kerajaan Sophene
Kerajaan Sophene (bahasa Armenia: Cop'kh, bahasa Yunani Kuno: Σωφηνή, translit. Sōphēnē),[1] merupakan entitas politik era Helenistik yang terletak di antara Armenia kuno dan Suriah.[2] Dipimpin oleh Dinasti Orontid, kerajaan ini memiliki budaya campuran dengan pengaruh Yunani, Armenia, Iran, Syam, Anatolia dan Romawi.[3] Kerajaan Sophene didirikan pada sekitar abad ke-3 SM, kerajaan mempertahankan kemerdekaannya hingga sekitar 95 SM ketika raja Dinasti Artaxiad Tigranes yang Agung menaklukkan wilayah sebagai bagian dari kerajaannya.[4] Upaya untuk memulihkan kerajaan dilakukan dengan singkat pada 66 SM dan 54 M.[5] Sophene terletak di dekat Kharput abad pertengahan, yang sekarang adalah Elazığ. [6]
Referensi sunting
- ^ Marciak 2017, hlm. 77.
- ^ Marciak 2017, hlm. 61.
- ^ Marciak 2017, hlm. 77 "The inquiry into Sophene’s cultural landscape reveals the existence of quite a number of characteristics which can be tentatively labeled as different cul- tural elements: local Anatolian, Iranian, Armenian, Greek-Hellenistic, Roman, Syrian-Mesopotamian..."
- ^ Marciak 2017, hlm. 95.
- ^ Marciak 2017, hlm. 426.
- ^ Lacey 2016, hlm. 109.
Sumber sunting
- Babaie, Sussan; Grigor, Talinn (2015). Persian Kingship and Architecture: Strategies of Power in Iran from the Achaemenids to the Pahlavis. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 1–288. ISBN 9780857734778.
- Boyce, Mary; Grenet, Frantz (1991). Beck, Roger, ed. A History of Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism under Macedonian and Roman Rule. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004293915.
- Canepa, Matthew P. (2018). "Rival Visions and New Royal Identities in Post- Achaemenid Anatolia and the Caucasus". The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE. University of California Press. hlm. 95–121. ISBN 9780520964365.
- Chaumont, M.L. (2005). "armenia ii". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Erskine, Andrew; Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd; Wallace, Shane (2017). The Hellenistic Court: Monarchic Power and Elite Society from Alexander to Cleopatra. The Classical Press of Wales. ISBN 978-1910589625.
- Garsoian, Nina (2005). "Tigran II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Lacey, James (2016). Great Strategic Rivalries: From the Classical World to the Cold War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9789004350724.
- Marciak, Michał (2017). Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West. BRILL. ISBN 9789004350724.
- Sartre, Maurice (2005). The Middle East Under Rome. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674016835.
- Sinclair, T. A. (1989). Eastern Turkey, an Architectural and Archaeological survey. Vol.3. The Pindar Press.