Bintang Daud: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Star of David.svg|thumb|Bintang Daud]]
[[Berkas:Leningrad Codex Carpet page e.jpg|thumb|Bintang Daud dalam salinan lengkap tertua yang masih ada dari [[teks Masoret]], [[Codex Leningrad]], dari tahun [[1008]].]]
'''Perisai Daud''' atau dalam bahasa Ibrani: '''Magen David''', מָגֵן דָּוִד dengan [[Niqqud|nikkud]] atau tanpa nikkud דוד, diucapkan ''Magen David'' [{{IPA|ma.'gen da.'vid}}] dalam [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani modern]] dan ''Mogein Dovid'' [{{IPA|'mɔ.geɪn 'dɔ.vid}}] atau ''Mogen Dovid'' [{{IPA|'mɔ.gen 'dɔ.vid}}] dalam [[bahasa Ibrani Ashkenazi]] dan [[Yiddish]] adalah sebuah lambang yang umumnya dikenali dari Komunitas Yahudi dan [[Yudaisme]]. Nama ini diambil dari nama raja [[Israel kuno]], dan mulai digunakan pada [[Abad Pertengahan]], bersama-sama dengan lambang yang lebih tua lagi yaitu [[menorah]].
Dengan terbentuknya negara [[Israel]] pada [[1948]] Bintang Daud pada [[Bendera Israel]] juga telah menjadi lambang Israel.
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== Sebagai lambang Yahudi ==
Menurut sejumlah sumber Yudais, Bintang/Perisai Daud melambangkan angka
'''tujuh''': yaitu, keenam ujungnya ditambah dengan pusatnya. Teks Yahudi tertua yang masih ada yang menyebutkannya adalah ''Eshkol Ha-Kofer'' oleh seorang [[Karaisme|Karait]] bernama [[Judah Hadassi]], dari abad ke-12M: "Tujuh nama malaikat mendahuli ''mezuzah'': Mikail, Gabriel, dll. ... Kiranya Tetragrammaton melindungi engkau! Demikian pula dengan tanda ini, yang disebut 'Perisai Daud', diletakkan di samping nama masing-masing malaikat."
[[Berkas:Sack of jerusalem.JPG|thumb|left|Menorah di [[Gapura Titus]]: perhatikan ketiga cabang di masing-masing sisi, ditambah dengan cabang yang di tengah, sehingga semuanya berjumlah tujuh]]
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Asal-usul yang pasti dari hubungan lambang ini dengan [[identitas Yahudi]] tidak diketahui. Beberapa teori dikemukakan. Menurut sebuah hipotesis, Bintang Daud membentuk dua dari tiga huruf dalam nama Daud. Dalam ejaan Ibrani (דוד), kata ini hanya mengandung tiga huruf, dua di antaranya adalah "D" (atau "[[Dalet]]", dalam bahasa Ibrani). Di zaman dulu, huruf ini ditulis dalam bentuk yang sangat mirip dengan segitiga, serupa dengan huruf Yunani [[Delta (huruf)|Delta]] ('''Δ'''), yang memiliki kemiripan bunyi dan posisi (keempat) dalam abjadnya masing-masing. Lambang ini mungkin mulanya merupakan sebuah perisai keluarga yang dibentuk dengan membalikkan dan menyandingkan dua huruf yang paling penting dalam nama ini.
<!--Some researchers have theorized that the hexagram represents the [[astrology|astrological]] chart at the time of David's birth or [[anointment]] as king. The hexagram is also known as the "King's Star" in astrological circles, and was an important astrological symbol in [[Zoroastrianism]].
The earliest archaeological evidence for the Jewish use of the symbol comes from an inscription attributed to Joshua ben Asayahu in late 7th Century BCE Sidon.
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The ''Shield of David'' is not mentioned in ancient [[rabbinic literature]]. Notably, not a single archeological proof exists concerning the use of this symbol in the [[Land of Israel]] during [[Common Era|BCE]]. Scientists say that it probably was not a widely recognized symbol in the [[Israel]] of the [[Second Temple]] era. A supposed David's shield however has recently been noted on a Jewish [[tomb stone|tombstone]] at [[Taranto]], in Southern [[Italy]], which may date as early as the [[third century]] [[Common Era|CE]]. Likewise, a stone bearing the shield from the arch of a 3-4th century synagogue in the Galilee was found.
<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1999/2/King%20Solomon-s%20Seal King Solomon-s Seal]</ref>
The earliest Jewish literary source which mentions the "Shield of David" is the ''Eshkol Ha-Kofer'' by [[Judah Hadassi]] from the middle of the [[12th century]] [[Common Era|CE]], where seven Shields are used in an amulet for a [[mezuzah]]. It appears to have been in use as part of amulets before it was in use in formal Jewish contexts.
A [[manuscript]] [[Tanakh]] dated [[1307]] and belonging to Rabbi Yosef bar Yehuda ben Marvas from [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], [[Spain]], was decorated with a Shield of David.
In the synagogues, perhaps, it was associated with the mezuzah. Originally, the hexagram may have been employed as an architectural ornament on synagogues, as it is, for example, on the [[cathedral]]s of [[Brandenburg]] and [[Stendal]], and on the Marktkirche at [[Hanover]]. A pentagram in this form is found on the ancient synagogue at Tell Hum.
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[[Berkas:Bat Zion I want your Old New Land join Jewish regiment.jpg|thumb|A recruitment poster published in American Jewish magazines during WWI. Daughter of [[Zion]] (representing the Jewish people): ''I want your Old New Land! Join the [[Jewish Legion|Jewish regiment]].'']]
The Star of David can be found on the tombstones of religious Jews going back hundreds of years in [[Europe]], as it became accepted as the universal symbol of the Jewish people. Following Jewish emancipation after the [[French revolution]], Jewish communities chose the Star of David to represent themselves, comparable to the cross used by most [[Christian]]s.
Some [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] groups reject the use of the hexagram Star of David because of its association with [[magic (paranormal)|magic]] and the [[occult]]. They do not recognize it as a Jewish symbol.
Some [[Haredi]] groups, such as [[Neturei Karta]] and [[Satmar]] reject it because they associate it with [[Zionism]].
Many [[Modern Orthodox Judaism|Modern Orthodox]] synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, however have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently displayed at the front of the synagogues near the Ark containing the Torah scrolls.
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[[Berkas:Judenstern JMW.jpg|left|thumb|120px|The [[jude]] badge]]
A Star of David, often [[yellow]]-[[color]]ed, was used by the [[Nazis]] during the [[Holocaust]] as a method of identifying [[Jews]]. After the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|German invasion of Poland]] in 1939 there were initially different local decrees forcing Jews to wear a distinct sign – in the [[General Government|General Government]] e.g. a white armband with a blue Star of David on it, in the [[Reichsgau Wartheland|Warthegau]] a yellow badge in the form of a Star of David on the right side of the breast and on the back.<ref>[http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/text/x02/xr0254.html ''Encyclopedia of the Holocaust''] (at [[Museum of Tolerance]])</ref> The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word ''Jude'' ([[German language|German]] for Jew) inscribed was then extended to all Jews over the age of 6 in the [[Nazi Germany|Reich]] and the [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]] (by a decree issued on [[September 1]], [[1941]] signed by [[Reinhard Heydrich]] <ref>''[http://www.verfassungen.de/de/de33-45/juden41.htm Polizeiverordnung über die Kennzeichnung der Juden]'' (came into force [[September 19]], [[1941]])</ref>) and was gradually introduced in other German-occupied areas, where local words were used (e.g. ''Juif'' in [[French language|French]], ''Jood'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]).
Jewish inmates in [[concentration camp]]s were later forced to wear similar [[Nazi concentration camp badges]].-->
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[[Berkas:Magen David Adom.svg|thumb|120px|Emblem [[Magen David Adom]]]]
[[Magen David Adom]] (MDA) (''Bintang Daud Merah'' atau, terjemahan harafiahnya, ''Perisai Merah Daud'') adalah satu-satunya dinas medis darurat, kecelakaan dan ambulans Israel. Ia adalah anggota resmi dari [[Komite Palang Merah Internasional]].
== Lihat pula ==
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* [http://www.kulanu.org/links/hexagram.html Kulanu on the Star of David]
* [http://www.gaiamind.com/starbird.html The Archetypal Mandala of India of the Star of David]
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[[Kategori:Daud]]
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