Aljir: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Aljir''' ([[bahasa Arab|Arab]] '''ولاية الجزائر''' ''El-Jazair''; [[Bahasa Perancis|Perancis]] ''Alger''; [[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]] ''Algiers'' ) adalah ibu kota [[Aljazair]] dan kota terbesar dari [[Aljazair]] yang terletak di Afrika Utara. Kota ini juga merupakan pelabuhan laut utama, pusat politik dan basis kebudayaan, juga "rumah" bagi para perompak [[Berber]] yang termasyhur dari [[abad ke-16]] sampai [[abad ke-19]].

 

 

Nama kota ini didapat dari lokasinya yang terletak di lembah perbukitan "Sahel", rantai bukit yang terletak sejajar dengan kawasan pesisir. Kordinat georgrafisnya adalah: 36°47′N 3°4′E <!-- Mulai terjemahkan disini

 

Algiers, however, continued to be of comparatively little importance until after the expulsion from Spain of the Moors, many of whom sought an asylum in the city. In 1510, following their occupation of Oran and other towns on the coast of Africa, the Spaniards fortified the Penon. In 1516 the amir of Algiers, Selim b. Teumi, invited the brothers Arouj and Khair-ad-Din ( Barbarossa) to expel the Spaniards. Arouj came to Algiers, caused Selim to be assassinated, and seized the town. Khair-ad-Din, succeeding Arouj, drove the Spaniards from the Penon ( 1550) and was the founder of the pashalik, afterwards deylik, of Algeria.

 

The bombardment of Algiers by Lord Exmouth, August 1816, painted by Thomas LunyAlgiers from this time became the chief seat of the Barbary pirates. In October 1541 the emperor Charles V sought to capture the city, but a storm destroyed a great number of his ships, and his army of some 30,000, chiefly Spaniards, was defeated by the Algerians under their pasha, Hassan. From the 17th century, Algiers, free of Ottoman control and sited on the periphery of both the Ottoman and European economic spheres, and depending for its existence on a Mediterranean that was increasingly controlled by European shipping, backed by European navies, turned to piracy and ransoming. Repeated attempts were made by various nations to subdue the pirates that disturbed shipping in the western Mediterranean and engaged in slave raids as far north as Cornwall. The United States fought two wars (The First and Second Barbary Wars) over Algiers' attacks on shipping.

 

In 1962, after a bloody independence struggle in which hundreds of thousands of Algerians died (a million according to official Algerian history) at the hands of the French army and the Algerian Front de Libération Nationale, Algeria finally gained its independence, with Algiers as its capital. Since then, despite losing its entire European or Pied-noir population, the city has expanded massively - it now has 3 million inhabitants, or 10% of Algeria's population - and its suburbs now cover most of the surrounding Metidja plain.

 

Algiers by nightAlgiers is hosting the 2007 All-Africa Games for the 2nd time, they hosted the event in 1978.

 

The Grand Mosque (Jamaa-el-Kebir الجامع الكبير) is traditionally said to be the oldest mosque in Algiers. The pulpit ( minbar منبر) bears an inscription showing that the building existed in 1018. The minaret was built by Abu Tachfin, sultan of Tlemcen, in 1324. The interior of the mosque is square and is divided into aisles by columns joined by Moorish arches.

 

The New Mosque (Jamaa el-Jedid) in Algiers - late 1800's

The Ketchaoua mosque (Djamaa Ketchaoua جامع كتشاوة), at the foot of the Casbah, was before independence in 1962 the cathedral of St Philippe, itself made in 1845 from a mosque dating from 1612. The principal entrance, reached by a flight of 23 steps, is ornamented with a portico supported by four black-veined marble columns. The roof of the nave is of Moorish plaster work. It rests on a series of arcades supported by white marble columns. Several of these columns belonged to the original mosque. In one of the chapels was a tomb containing the bones of San Geronimo. The building seems a curious blend of Moorish and Byzantine styles.

 

 

The port of Algiers is sheltered from all winds. There are two harbours, both artificial - the old or northern harbour and the southern or Agha harbour. The northern harbour covers an area of 235 acres (950,000 m²). An opening in the south jetty affords an entrance into Agha harbour, constructed in Agha Bay. Agha harbour has also an independent entrance on its southern side.

[[Kategori:Provinsi di Aljazair]]

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