Yunani: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Yunani infobox}}
'''Yunani''' ([[bahasa Yunani]] modern: ''Ελλάδα'' [Elláda], historis: ''Ελλάς'' [Ellás]; {{lang-en|Greece}}), secara resmi bernama '''Republik Hellenik''' (''Elliniki Dimokratia''; [[bahasa Indonesia]]: Republik Yunani), adalah sebuah [[negara]] tempat lahirnya [[budaya]] [[Dunia Barat]] yang berada di [[Eropa]] bagian selatan/tenggara, terletak di ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Balkan]], di bagian timur [[Laut Tengah|Laut Tengah (Mediterania)]].
== Geografi ==
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* Barat: [[Laut Ionia]]
Wilayah ini memiliki [[sejarah]] panjang dan kaya selama yang membawa pengaruh budaya besar pada tiga [[benua]].
Di masa modern ini,
=== Tanah ===
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== Pariwisata ==
Pada tahun [[2004]], Yunani menempati urutan ke-12 sebagai tujuan [[pariwisata]] internasional. 14,18 juta turis mengunjungi negara itu, terutama untuk menyaksikan ajang [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2004|Olimpiade Musim Panas]].<!--Since the promotion of Greece from the Olympic Games, the Government expects significant growth in the years to come. In 2003, tourists spent an estimated 11 billion Euros contributing 8% to Greeces GDP. Tourism in Greece has multiplied 50 times in the past 40 years and is expected to only get bigger in the next 10 years.
The main problem for Greece and its tourism industry is that many people are now going to places such as Turkey or Egypt were they can get a similar summer holiday for alot cheaper. Unfortunatly, the Government dosen't spend much on promoting tourism in Greece, although they have now hired Greek singer, Elena Paparizou, as there official Ambassador as well as having released a new campaign. One suggestion is to focus now on the Winter side of Greece as Greece's tourism industry is really only a 6 month tourism season. If promoted correctly, Greece could almost double its tourist statistics since most of the 14 million tourists are accounted for in only 6 months of a 12 month year.-->
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=== Prasejarah ===
[[Berkas:Greek Colonization Archaic Period.png|thumb|left|Peta wilayah dan koloni Yunani dalam periode purba (''archaic'').]]
Daerah sekitar Attica dihuni sejak zaman Upper Paleolithic (30.000–10.000 SM), tetapi bukti arkeologi hanya dapat menunjukkan bahwa gua-gua kecil di sekitar "Acropolis of Athens" dan mata air "Klepsythra" digunakan dalam masa ''Neolithic'' (3000–2800 SM).
Di daerah Yunani inilah kebudayaan [[Eropa]] pertama kali muncul, dimulai dengan peradaban "Cycladic" di kepulauan [[Laut Aegea]] sekitar 3000 SM, peradaban "Minoan" di pulau [[Kreta]] (2700–1500 SM) dan peradaban "Mycenaean Greece" di tanah utama (1900–1100 SM). Periode antara 1200 dan 800 SM dikenal sebagai "Greek Dark Ages" diperkirakan setelah serangan orang Doria, yang mengakhiri zaman Mycenea. Dua karya sastra Yunani terkenal, ''[[Illiad]]'' dan ''[[Odyssey]]'' karya [[Homer]], ditulis dalam zaman ini.
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=== Aleksander Agung ===
<!--Following the assassination of Phillip II, [[Alexander III]] ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Following Greek victories in the battles of [[Battle of Granicus|Granicus]], [[Battle of Issus|Issus]] and [[Battle of Gaugamela|Gaugamela]], the Greeks marched on [[Susa]] and [[Persepolis]], the ceremonial capital of Persia, in 330 BC.-->
Kerajaan Aleksander Agung membentang mulai dari Yunani di sebelah barat sampai ke [[Pakistan]] di sebelah timur dan [[Mesir]] di selatan, sebelum mati mendadak pada tahun 323 SM. Setelah kematiannya, kerajaan itu terpecah menjadi sejumlah negara kecil, yang akhirnya menjadi 4 negara terkemuka:<br />1. [[Kerajaan Ptolemaik]] di [[Mesir]] (selatan)<br />2. [[Kekaisaran Seleukia]] di [[Persia]] (timur)<br />3. [[Kerajaan Pergamon]] di [[Asia Kecil]] (utara)<br />4. Kerajaan [[Makedonia]] di
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The [[Greek Orthodox Church]] and the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] were considered by the Ottoman governments as the ruling authorities of the entire [[Christianity|Christian]] population of the Ottoman Empire, Greek or not. Although the Ottoman state did not force non-Muslims to convert to [[Islam]], many did so superficially as they received tax benefits from the authorities.
The Ottoman administration of Greece varied. Some cities had governors appointed by the [[Ottoman Sultan|Sultan]], while others (like Athens), were self-governed municipalities. Some regions of Greece, like [[Crete]] and [[Epirus]], remained effectively autonomous from the central Ottoman state for many centuries.
When military conflicts broke out between the Ottoman Empire and other states, Greeks usually took arms against the Empire, with few exceptions. Prior to the Greek revolution, there had been a number of wars which saw Greeks fight against the Ottomans, such as the Greek participation in the [[Battle of Lepanto]] in 1571, the [[Dionysius the Philosopher|Epirus peasants' revolts]] of 1600–1601, the [[Morean War]] of 1684–1699 and the [[Russian Empire|Russian]]-instigated [[Orlov Revolt]] in 1770 which aimed at breaking up the Ottoman Empire in favor of Russian interests.
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=== Abad modern ===
Yunani menjadi anggota ke-10 [[European Communities]] (kemudian menjadi [[European Union]]) pada tanggal [[1 Januari]] 1981, dan memasuki periode pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat. Investasi di bidang industri dagang dan infrastruktur, juga dana dari European Union serta turisme, perkapalan dan bidang jasa yang meningkat, membuat peningkatan taraf hidup yang tidak terjangkau sebelumnya. Negara Yunani memakai mata uang ''euro'' pada tahun 2001 dan dengan sukses menyelenggarakan [[Olimpiade Athena 2004|Olimpiade musim panas tahun 2004]] di [[Athena (kota)|Athena]].
Sejak akhir tahun 2000-an Yunani ditimpa resesi dan mengalami krisis moneter dan hutang, sehingga mengancam stabilitas pasar uang pada tahun 2010-2011.
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