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Fishermen have traditionally used seabirds as indicators of both [[Shoaling and schooling|fish shoals]],<ref name="AU"/> underwater [[bank (topography)|banks]] that might indicate fish stocks, and of potential landfall. In fact, the known association of seabirds with land was instrumental in allowing the [[Polynesia]]ns to locate tiny landmasses in the Pacific.<ref name = "Burger"/> Seabirds have provided food for fishermen away from home, as well as bait. Famously, tethered [[cormorant]]s have been used to catch fish directly. Indirectly, fisheries have also benefited from [[guano]] from colonies of seabirds acting as [[fertilizer]] for the surrounding seas.
Negative effects on fisheries are mostly restricted to raiding by birds on [[aquaculture]],<ref>Collis, K., Adamany, S. – Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Roby, D.D., Craig, D.P., Lyons, D.E., – Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, (2000), "Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in the Lower Columbia River", ''1998 Annual Report to Bonneville Power Administration'', Portland, OR,[http://www.govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2004/915/9150520.pdf]</ref> although [[long-line fishing|long-lining]] fisheries also have to deal with [[bait (luring substance)|bait]] stealing. There have been claims of prey depletion by seabirds of fishery stocks, and while there is some evidence of this, the effects of seabirds are considered smaller than that of [[marine mammal]]s and predatory fish (like [[tuna]]).<ref name = "Burger"/>
[[Berkas:Seabirds longlinersm.jpg.jpeg|thumb|300px|right|Seabirds (mostly Northern Fulmars) flocking at a long-lining vessel]]Some seabird species have benefited from fisheries, particularly from discarded fish and [[offal]]. These discards compose 30% of the food of seabirds in the [[North Sea]], for example, and compose up to 70% of the total food of some seabird populations.<ref>Oro, D., Ruiz, X., Pedrocchi, V. & Gonzalez-Solis, J. (1997) "Diet and adult time budgets of Audouin's Gull ''Larus audouinii'' in response to changes in commercial fisheries" ''Ibis'' '''139''': 631–637</ref> This can have other impacts; for example, the spread of the [[Northern Fulmar]] through the [[United Kingdom]] is attributed in part to the availability of discards.<ref>Thompson, P.M., (2004) "Identifying drivers of change; did fisheries play a role in the spread of North Atlantic fulmars?" in '' Management of marine ecosystems: monitoring change in upper trophic levels''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/lighthouse/documents/Thompson_fulmars.pdf]</ref> Discards generally benefit surface feeders, such as gannets and petrels, to the detriment of pursuit divers like penguins.
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[[Island restoration]] techniques, pioneered by [[New Zealand]], enable the removal of exotic invaders from increasingly large islands. Feral cats have been removed from [[Ascension Island]], [[Arctic Fox]]es from many islands in the [[Aleutian Islands]],<ref>Williams, J.C., Byrd G.V.& Konyukhov, N.B. (2003) "Whiskered Auklets ''Aethia pygmaea'', foxes, humans and how to right a wrong." ''Marine Ornithology'' '''31''': 175–180 [http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/31_2/31_2_175-180.pdf]</ref> and rats from [[Campbell Island, New Zealand|Campbell Island]]. The removal of these introduced species has led to increases in numbers of species under pressure and even the return of extirpated ones. After the removal of cats from Ascension Island, seabirds began to nest there again for the first time in over a hundred years.<ref>BirdLife International (2005) [http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2005/07/ascension.html Stamps celebrate seabird return]. Retrieved August 12, 2006</ref>
Seabird mortality caused by long-line fisheries can be greatly reduced by techniques such as setting long-line bait at night, dying the bait blue, setting the bait underwater, increasing the amount of weight on lines and by using bird scarers,<ref>Food and Agriculture Organisation (1999) "The incidental catch of seabirds by longline fisheries: worldwide review and technical guidelines for mitigation. FAO Fisheries Circular No.937. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. [http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/005/W9817E/W9817E00.HTM]</ref> and their deployment is increasingly required by many national fishing fleets. The international ban on the use of [[drift net]]s has also helped reduce the mortality of seabirds and other marine wildlife.
One of the Millennium Projects in the UK was the [[Scottish Seabird Centre]], near the important bird sanctuaries on [[Bass Rock]], [[Fidra]] and the surrounding islands. The area is home to huge colonies of gannets, [[puffin]]s, skuas and other seabirds. The centre allows visitors to watch live video from the islands as well as learn about the threats the birds face and how we can protect them, and has helped to significantly raise the profile of seabird conservation in the UK. Seabird tourism can provide income for coastal communities as well as raise the profile of seabird conservation. For example, the [[Northern Royal Albatross]] colony at [[Taiaroa Head]] in New Zealand attracts 40,000 visitors a year.<ref name = "Brooke"/>
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*{{en}} [http://www.marineornithology.org/ Marine Ornithology, the Journal of Seabird Science and Conservation]
*{{en}} [http://www.seabird.org www.seabird.org], official site of the Scottish Seabird Centre
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