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One possible definition of a [[fluid]] would be a material with zero shear modulus.
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==Waves Gelombang ==
[[File:SpiderGraph ShearModulus.GIF|300px|thumb|InfluencesPengaruh ofpenambahan selectedkomponen glasskaca componenttertentu additions on the shearpada modulus of ageser specificsuatu basekaca glassdasar.<ref>[http://www.glassproperties.com/shear_modulus/ Shear modulus calculation of glasses]</ref>]]
InDalam homogeneousbenda andpadat homogene dan [[isotropicisotropik]] solids, thereada aredua twojenis kinds of wavesgelombang, [[:en:P wave|pressuregelombang wavestekanan]] anddan [[:en:S wave|sheargelombang wavesgeser]]. TheKecepatan velocitysuatu ofgelombang a shear wavegeser, <math>(v_s)</math>, isdikontrol controlledmodulus by the shear modulusgeser,
:<math>v_s = \sqrt{\frac {G} {\rho} }</math>
di mana
where
:G adalah modulus geser
:G is the shear modulus
:<math>\rho</math> is the solid'sadalah [[densitydensitas]] benda padat.
== Modulus geser logam ==
==Shear modulus of metals==
[[File:CuShearMTS.svg|300px|thumb|ShearModulus modulusgeser of[[tembaga]] coppersebagai assuatu a[[fungsi function(matematika)|fungsi]] of temperature[[suhu]]. The experimentalData dataeksperimental<ref name=Overton55>{{cite journal|last1=Overton|first1=W.|last2=Gaffney|first2=John|title=Temperature Variation of the Elastic Constants of Cubic Elements. I. Copper|journal=Physical Review|volume=98|pages=969|year=1955|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.98.969|issue=4|bibcode = 1955PhRv...98..969O }}</ref><ref name=Nadal03/> are shownditunjukkan withdengan coloredsimbol-simbol symbolsberwarna.]]
TheModulus sheargeser modulus[[logam]] ofbiasanya metalsdiamati ismenurun usuallyseiring observeddengan tonaiknya decrease with increasing temperature[[suhu]]. AtPada high[[tekanan]] pressurestinggi, themodulus sheargeser modulusnampaknya alsojuga appearsmeningkat toseiring increasedengan withmeningkatnya thetekanan appliedyang pressurediberikan. CorrelationsKorelasi betweenantara the[[titik melting temperatureleleh]], [[:en:vacancy formation energy,|energi andpembentukan thevakansi]], sheardan modulus havegeser beentelah observeddiamati inpada manybanyak metalslogam.<ref name=March>March, N. H., (1996), [http://books.google.com/books?id=PaphaJhfAloC&pg=PA363 ''Electron Correlation in Molecules and Condensed Phases''], Springer, ISBN 0-306-44844-0 p. 363</ref>
Ada beberapa model yang mencoba meramalkan modulus geser logam (dan juga [[:en:alloy|alloy]]). Model-model modulus geser yang sudah digunakan dalam komputasi aliran plastik termasuk:
Several models exist that attempt to predict the shear modulus of metals (and possibly that of alloys). Shear modulus models that have been used in plastic flow computations include:
# theModel MTSmodulus sheargeser modulusMTS modelyang developeddikembangkan byoleh<ref name=Varshni70>{{cite journal|last1=Varshni|first1=Y.|title=Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants|journal=Physical Review B|volume=2|pages=3952|year=1970|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.2.3952|issue=10|bibcode = 1970PhRvB...2.3952V }}</ref> anddan useddigunakan indalam conjunctionhubungan withdengan themodel tegangan aliran plastik "Mechanical Threshold Stress" (MTS) plastic flow stress model.<ref name=Chen96>{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Shuh Rong|last2=Gray|first2=George T.|title=Constitutive behavior of tantalum and tantalum-tungsten alloys|journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A|volume=27|pages=2994|year=1996|doi=10.1007/BF02663849|issue=10|bibcode = 1996MMTA...27.2994C }}</ref><ref name=Goto00>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/s11661-000-0226-8|title=The mechanical threshold stress constitutive-strength model description of HY-100 steel|year=2000|last1=Goto|first1=D. M.|last2=Garrett|first2=R. K.|last3=Bingert|first3=J. F.|last4=Chen|first4=S. R.|last5=Gray|first5=G. T.|journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A|volume=31|issue=8|pages=1985–1996 }}</ref>
# theModel modulus geser "Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan" (SCG) shear modulus modelyang developeddikembangkan byoleh<ref name=Guinan74>{{cite journal|last1=Guinan|first1=M|last2=Steinberg|first2=D|title=Pressure and temperature derivatives of the isotropic polycrystalline shear modulus for 65 elements|journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids|volume=35|pages=1501|year=1974|doi=10.1016/S0022-3697(74)80278-7|bibcode=1974JPCS...35.1501G|issue=11}}</ref> anddan useddigunakan indalam conjunctionhubungan withdengan themodel tegangan aliran "Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan-Lund" (SCGL) flow stress model.
# theModel modulus geser "Nadal and LePoac" (NP) shear modulus model<ref name=Nadal03>{{cite journal|last1=Nadal|first1=Marie-Hélène|last2=Le Poac|first2=Philippe|title=Continuous model for the shear modulus as a function of pressure and temperature up to the melting point: Analysis and ultrasonic validation|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|volume=93|pages=2472|year=2003|doi=10.1063/1.1539913|issue=5|bibcode = 2003JAP....93.2472N }}</ref> thatyang usesmenggunakan [[:en:Lindemann criterion|Lindemannteori theoryLindemann]] tountuk determinemenentukan theketergantungan temperatureakan dependence[[suhu]] anddan themodel SCG modeluntuk forketergantungan pressureakan dependence[[tekanan]] ofdari themodulus shear modulusgeser.
===MTS shearModel modulus modelgeser MTS ===
The MTS shearModel modulus modelgeser hasMTS themempunyai formbentuk:
:<math>
</math>
wheredi mana µ<sub>0</sub> isadalah themodulus sheargeser moduluspada at[[suhu]] 0 K, anddan ''D'' andserta ''T<sub>0</sub>'' areadalah materialkonstanta-konstanta constantsbahan.
===SCG shearModel modulus modelgeser SCG ===
TheModel modulus geser Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan (SCG) shear modulus model is pressuretergantung dependentpada and[[tekanan]] hasdan themempunyai formbentuk
:<math>
\mu(p,T) = \mu_0 + \frac{\partial \mu}{\partial p} \frac{p}{\eta^{1/3}} +
\eta := \rho/\rho_0
</math>
wheredi mana, µ<sub>0</sub> isadalah themodulus sheargeser moduluspada atstatus thereferensi (''reference state''; (''T'' = 300 K, ''p'' = 0, η = 1), ''p'' isadalah thetekanan pressure, anddan ''T'' is theadalah temperature[[suhu]].
===NP shearModel modulus modelgeser NP ===
TheModel modulus geser Nadal-Le Poac (NP) shearadalah modulussuatu modelversi ismodifikasi a modified version of themodel SCG model. TheKetergantungan empiricalmodulus temperaturegeser dependencesecara ofempiris theterhadap shearsuhu modulus in thepada SCG model isdigantikan replaceddengan withsuatu anpersamaan equationyang basedberdasarkan onpada [[:en:Lindemann criterion|Lindemannteori meltingpeleburan theoryLindemann]]. The NP shearModel modulus modelgeser hasNP themempunyai formbentuk:
:<math>
</math>
anddan µ<sub>0</sub> isadalah themodulus sheargeser moduluspada at[[suhu]] 0 K anddan ambienttekanan pressurelingkungan, ζ isadalah aparamater material parameterbahan, ''k<sub>b</sub>'' is theadalah [[Boltzmannkonstanta constantBoltzmann]], ''m'' is theadalah [[atomicmassa massatom]], anddan ''f'' is theadalah [[:en:Lindemann criterion|konstanta Lindemann constant]].
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==Lihat pula==
<!--* [[Shear strength]]
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{{ElasticModulus modulielastik}}
[[Category:Elastisitas (fisika)]]
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