Tentara Pembebasan Suriah: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Distinguish|Angkatan Darat Suriah}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=Tentara Pembebasan Suriah<br /><small>(الجيش
السوري الحر)</small> |image=[[Berkas:Free syrian army logo.png|225px]]
|caption= Logo resmi Tentara Pembebasan Suriah
|dates= 29 Juli 2011 – ''sekarang''
|country= [[Suriah]]
|allegiance= [[Koalisi Nasional untuk Revolusi Suriah dan Pasukan
Oposisi]] |branch=[[Angkatan darat]]
|type= Infanteri cahaya
|role= Perlawanan bersenjata
|size= 100.000
pejuang<ref>[http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_08_09/Political-resolution-on-the-crisis-in-Syria-is-impossible/]</ref><br
/><small>(Perkiraan Agustus 2012)</small>
|garrison=
|garrison_label= Main base
|nickname= Gerakan Petugas Pembebasan<br /> ({{lang-ar|حركة الضباط
الأحرار}}) |patron=
|motto= Kemenangan atau
mati!<ref>http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/11/23/idINIndia-60691920111123</ref><br />({{lang-ar|ننتصر أو نموت}}) |colors=[[Hijau]], [[Merah]], [[Putih]] dan [[Hitam]]
|colors_label=
|march=
|battles=
[[Perang
saudara Suriah]] *[[Pertempuran Aleppo 2012|Pertempuran Aleppo]]
*dan masih banyak pertempuran lainnya
Baris 27 ⟶ 38:
|battle_honours=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1= Kolonel Hussein Harmoush {{POW}} <br/>
<small>(Juli 2011–Sept. 2011)</small><br/>[[Kolonel]]
[[Riad al-Asaad]] <br/><small>(Sept. 2011–Des. 2012,
<br/>Des. 2012–sekarang: peran simbolis)</small><ref
name="Huff_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012">{{cite news | first=Bassem |
last=Mroue | coauthors=Suzan Fraser | pages= | language =| title= Syria
Rebels Create New Unified Military Command | date=2012-12-08 |
publisher=[[Huffington Post]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |
url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/08/syria-rebels-military-council_n_2263256.html
|accessdate=2012-12-08 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ClMtkEue
|archivedate=2012-12-08 |deadurl=no}}</ref></br> [[Brigadir
Jenderal]] [[Mustafa Al-Sheikh]]<br/> <small>(Maret
2012–Des. 2012, <br/>Kepala Dewan Militer)<ref
name="Huff_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /></small>
|commander1_label=Panglima
|commander2= Mayor Jenderal Adnan Sillu <br/><small>(Sept.
2012–Des. 2012)</small></br> Brigadir Jenderal [[Salim Idris]] <br/><small>(Des. 2012–sekarang)</small><ref name="Huff_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /><ref name="ThReut_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /> |commander2_label=Kepala Staf
|commander3= Abdelbasset Tawil<ref
name="ThReut_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012">{{cite news | first=Khaled
Yacoub |last=Oweis |coauthors= Jason Webb | pages= | language =|
title=Syrian rebels elect head of new military command | date=2012-12-08
| publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |
url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/08/us-syria-crisis-rebels-idUSBRE8B70AJ20121208
|accessdate=2012-12-08 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6ClMuPwk5
|archivedate=2012-12-08 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|commander3_label=Deputi Kepala Staf
|commander4=Abdelqader Saleh<ref
name="ThReut_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /> |commander4_label=Deputi Kepala Staf
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:Syria-flag 1932-58
1961-63.svg|border|80px]] |identification_symbol_label= Tanda pengenal
<!-- Aircraft -->
Baris 57 ⟶ 96:
|aircraft_transport=
}}
'''Tentara Pembebasan Suriah''' ({{lang-ar|الجيش السوري الحر}},
''Al-Jayš Al-Suri Al-Ḥurr'', {{lang-en|Free Syrian Army}} disingkat
''FSA''). adalah struktur oposisi utama bersenjata yang beroperasi di
[[Suriah]] yang telah aktif selama [[perang saudara Suriah]].<ref
name=Albayrak>{{cite news|last=Albayrak|first=Ayla|title=Turkey Plans
Military Exercise on Syrian
Border|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204524604576610781937462842.html|accessdate=4
October 2011|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=4 October
2011}}</ref>Terdiri dari para personel [[Angkatan Bersenjata
Suriah]] yang membelot dan relawan,<ref
name="aljazeera.com">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/02/201221315020166516.html</ref><ref
name=bearing>[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/world/middleeast/bearing-witness-in-syria-a-war-reporters-last-days.html
Bearing Witness in Syria: A Correspondent’s Last Days]. NYTimes
(2012-03-04)</ref><ref
name="youtube1">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhUz77ihRcU&feature=endscreen&NR=1
1 week with the "free syrian army" – Feb 2012 – Arte reportage 1 of 2].
YouTube. Retrieved on 2012-03-23.</ref> pembentukannya diumumkan
pada tanggal 29 Juli 2011 dalam sebuah video yang dirilis di internet
oleh sekelompok desertir berseragam dari militer Suriah yang dipanggil
anggota tentara Suriah untuk membelot dan bergabung dengan
mereka.<ref>{{cite
web|url=http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/?p=11043|title=Free Syrian Army
Founded by Seven Officers to Fight the Syrian Army|publisher=Syria
Comment|first=Joshua|last=Landis|date=29 July 2011|accessdate=7 August
2011}}</ref>
Pemimpin FSA pada bulan Agustus 2011, Kolonel [[Riad al-Asaad]],
mengumumkan bahwa FSA akan bekerja sama dengan demonstran untuk
menurunkan sistem, menyatakan bahwa semua pasukan keamanan menyerang
warga sipil menjadi sasaran dibenarkan.<ref name="wtarc">{{cite
news|url=http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2011/me_syria0973_08_03.asp|title=Defecting
troops form 'Free Syrian Army', target Assad security
forces|agency=World Tribune|date=3 August 2011|accessdate=7 August
2011}}</ref><ref name="sharq">{{cite
news|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=1&id=26095|agency=Asharq
Alawsat|title=Syrian Army Colonel Defects forms Free Syrian Army|date=1
August 2011|accessdate=7 August 2011}}</ref> FSA dikoordinasikan
dengan [[Dewan Nasional Suriah]] dimulai pada Desember 2011,<ref
name="articles.latimes.com">{{cite news|title=Syria opposition groups
agree to coordinate
efforts|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/01/world/la-fg-syria-accord-20111202|work=Los
Angeles Times|accessdate=10 February
2012|first1=Alexandra|last1=Zavis|first2=Rima|last2=Marrouch|date=2011-12-01}}</ref>dan
mendukung [[Koalisi Nasional untuk Revolusi Suriah dan Pasukan
Oposisi]] setelah pembuatan koalisi pada November 2012.<ref
name="Fr24_islamist_groups">{{cite news | first= | last= | pages= |
language =| title= Islamic groups reject Syria opposition bloc |
date=2012-11-19 | publisher=[[France 24]] |
url=http://www.france24.com/en/20121119-islamic-groups-reject-syria-opposition-bloc
|accessdate=2012-11-20 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6CIo7UHnk
|archivedate=2012-11-19 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Sebuah reorganisasi
utama dari struktur komando FSA terjadi pada bulan Desember 2012, dengan
al-Asaad. mempertahankan peran resminya tapi kehilangan daya
efektif<ref name="Huff_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /> dan Brigadir
Jenderal [[Salim Idris]] menjadi Kepala Staf dan pemimpin yang
efektif.<ref name="ThReut_unifiedcommand_8Dec2012" /><ref
name="Telegraph_unifiedcommand_FSA">{{cite news | first=Ruth |
last=Sherlock | pages= | language =| title=Syrian rebels defy US and
pledge allegiance to jihadi group | date=2012-12-11 | publisher=[[The
Daily Telegraph]] |
url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9735988/Syrian-rebels-defy-US-and-pledge-allegiance-to-jihadi-group.html
|accessdate=2012-12-11 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Cq6pmtmQ
|archivedate=2012-12-11 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
Riad al-Asaad menyatakan pada bulan Oktober 2011 bahwa Tentara
Pembebasan Suriah tidak memiliki tujuan politik kecuali untuk
melengserkan [[Bashar Assad]] sebagai presiden Suriah.<ref
name=Trend>{{cite news|title=Commander of Free Syrian Army: Al Asad
to face Gaddafi's
fate|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/met/arabicr/1929681.html|accessdate=22
October 2011|newspaper=Trend|date=10 September
2011}}</ref><ref name=Abbas>{{cite
news|last=Abbas|first=Thair|title=Asharq Al-Awsat visits the Free Syrian
Army|url=http://awsat-e.com/news.asp?section=3&id=26872|accessdate=22
October 2011|newspaper=Asharq Al-Awsat|date=10 September
2011}}</ref> FSA juga mengklaim bahwa konflik ini bukanlah konflik
sektarian. Pada 23 September 2011, Tentara Pembebasan Suriah bergabung
dengan Gerakan Perwira Bebas ({{lang-ar|حركة الضباط الأحرار}}, ''ħarakat
al-ḍubbaṭ al-aħrar'') dan menjadi kelompok oposisi utama
tentara.<ref name=Albayrak /><ref>{{cite web|title=Syria
Army Defectors Press Conference –
9–23–11|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttfy6h2BMyo|publisher=Syria2011archives|accessdate=9
October 2011}}</ref><ref name=Burch>{{cite
news|last=Burch|first=Johnathon|title=War is only option to topple
Syrian
leader|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/07/us-turkey-syria-colonel-idUSTRE7964OQ20111007|accessdate=7
October 2011|newspaper=Reuters|date=7 October 2011}}</ref> Pada
awal Desember 2011, diperkirakan ada 15.000 sampai 25.000 pembelot dari
angkatan bersenjata menurut sumber aktivis dan media,<ref>{{cite
news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hVBCFHwdu5UZ7BYSKEWWyz9WMj4A?docId=CNG.f6d3a9636701d32f2295f7676a30b0bd.4a1|title=Syria's
opposition, rebels hold talks in Turkey|first=Safak|last=Timur|date=1
December 2011|work=Google News|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=8
February
2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130514023421/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hVBCFHwdu5UZ7BYSKEWWyz9WMj4A?docId=CNG.f6d3a9636701d32f2295f7676a30b0bd.4a1|archivedate=14
May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite
web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/arab-league-mission-to-syria-has-nothing-to-do-with-saving-lives-1.402830|title=Arab
League mission to Syria has nothing to do with saving lives|last=Zvi
Bar'el|date=22 December 2011|work=Haaretz|accessdate=8 February
2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite
web|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/middleeast/news/article_1682328.php/INTERVIEW-Thousands-of-Syrian-soldiers-have-defected-says-deserter|title=INTERVIEW:
Thousands of Syrian soldiers have defected, says deserter|last=Weedah
Hamzah|date=22 December 2011|work=Monsters and Critics|accessdate=8
February 2012}}</ref> sumber intelijen Amerika memperkirakan lebih
besar dari 10.000 pembelot.<ref>{{cite news|
url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/27/world/middleeast/army-defectors-in-syria-take-credit-for-deadly-attack.html
| work=The New York Times | first=Nada | last=Bakri | title=Defectors
Claim Attack That Killed Syrian Soldiers | date=26 October
2011}}</ref> jumlah aktual tentara yang membelot kepada Tentara
Pembebasan Suriah tidak diketahui.<ref>{{cite
news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/12/20111226171260898.html|title=Ranks
of Free Syrian Army 'gaining strength'|date=2 December 2011|work=Al
Jazeera|accessdate=8 February 2012}}</ref><ref
name=autogenerated3>{{cite news|
url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/16/world/middleeast/syria-army-defectors-said-to-kill-soldiers-in-coordinated-assault.html|
work=The New York Times | first=Nada | last=Bakri | title=Syria Army
Defectors Reportedly Kill 27 Soldiers | date=15 December
2011}}</ref>
FSA beroperasi di seluruh Suriah, baik di daerah perkotaan maupun di
pedesaan. Pasukan aktif di barat laut ([[Idlib]], [[Aleppo]]), wilayah
tengah ([[Homs]], [[Hama]], dan [[Rastan]]), pantai sekitar [[Latakia]],
selatan ([[Daraa]] dan [[Houran]]), timur ([[Dayr al-Zawr]], [[Abu
Kamal]]), dan daerah [[Damaskus]]. Konsentrasi terbesar dari kekuatan
ini tampaknya di wilayah tengah (Homs, Hama, dan sekitarnya), dengan
sembilan atau lebih batalion aktif di sana.<ref name=IWPR>{{cite
web|last=Hafez|first=Salem|title=Syria: How Far Has Uprising
Spread?|url=http://iwpr.net/report-news/syria-how-far-has-uprising-spread|publisher=Institute
for War and Peace Reporting|accessdate=27 October 2011}}</ref>
Sekjen [[PBB]], [[Ban Ki-moon]], telah mengatakan bahwa Tentara
Pembebasan Suriah mengendalikan bagian signifikan dari beberapa
kota.<ref>[http://www.agi.it/english-version/world/elenco-notizie/201205260718-pol-ren1002-syria_ban_ki_moon_many_towns_in_rebels_hands?
Syria: Ban Ki-Moon, many towns in rebels' hands]</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 72 ⟶ 261:
*{{twitter|freesyrianarmy}} {{Ar icon}}
*{{facebook|SYRIA.ARMY.FREE}} {{Ar icon}}
*{{youtube|SZcCbIPM37w|Original video declaration of formation}} {{Ar
icon}} *{{cite journal|last1=Holliday|first1=Joseph|date=March
2012|title=Syria’s Armed Opposition|volume=3|issue=MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT|publisher=Institute for the Study of War|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Syrias_Armed_Opposition.pdf}} *{{cite
journal|last1=Holliday|first1=Joseph|date=June 2012|title=Syria’s
Maturing Insurgency|volume=5|issue=MIDDLE EAST SECURITY
REPORT|publisher=Institute for the Study of
War|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Syrias_MaturingInsurgency_21June2012.pdf}}
{{militer-stub}}
{{negara-stub|Suriah}}
[[Kategori:Perang
saudara Suriah]] [[Kategori:Militer Suriah]]
[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 2011]]
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