Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Yesus sebagai tokoh dalam sejarah''' merujuk kepada upaya rekonstruksi kehidupan [[Yesus]] dari [[Nazaret]],<ref name=AmyJill1>[[Amy-Jill Levine]] in the ''The Historical Jesus in Context'' edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. 2006 Princeton Univ Press ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6 pages 1-2</ref><ref name=Bart411>''Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium'' by Bart D. Ehrman (Sep 23, 1999) ISBN 0-19-512473-1 Oxford Univ Press pages ix-xi</ref><ref>''Jesus Remembered'' Volume 1, by James D. G. Dunn 2003 ISBN 0-8028-3931-2 pp. 125-127</ref> berdasarkan metode historis, termasuk analisis kritikal Alkitab terhadap naskah-naskah Injil sebagai sumber utama biografi-Nya, diiringi dengan pertimbangan konteks sejarah dan budaya di tempat Ia pernah hidup.<ref name=AmyJill1>[[Amy-Jill Levine]] in the ''The Historical Jesus in Context'' edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. 2006 Princeton Univ Press ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6 pages 1-2</ref><ref name=Bart411>''Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium'' by Bart D. Ehrman (Sep 23, 1999) ISBN 0-19-512473-1 Oxford Univ Press pages ix-xi</ref><ref>[[Bart D. Ehrman|Ehrman, Bart]]. ''The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-19-515462-2, chapters 13, 15</ref> Dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber non-[[Alkitab]], para sejarawan berusaha merekonstruksi bahwa Yesus adalah: guru/[[rabi]] [[Yahudi]] yang memiliki sekelompok pengikut dari [[Galilea]], dan setelah beberapa tahun masa pelayanannya, disalibkan oleh pemerintah [[Romawi]] di [[Provinsi Iudaea]] pada masa [[Pontius Pilatus]] menjabat sebagai [[gubernur]].

 

 

Upaya rekonstruksi ini dilakukan dengan berbagai agenda, mulai dari mereka yang bermaksud memastikan pandangan Kristen mengenai Yesus, maupun yang berusaha menolak Kekristenan, atau yang berharap untuk mempelajari kehidupan Yesus dengan harapan mengubah sebab musabab sosial.<ref name=Allison59>{{cite book | last1 = Allison | first1 = Dale | title = The Historical Christ and the Theological Jesus | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing | page = 59 | url = http://books.google.com/?id=WzOfssjUsIIC&pg=PA59&dq=dale+allison+We+wield+our+criteria+to+get+what+we+want#v=onepage&q&f=false | accessdate = 2011-Jan-09 | quote = We wield our criteria to get what we want. | isbn = 978-0-8028-6262-4 | date = 2009-02}}</ref><ref name="Meier2009">{{Cite book|author=John P. Meier|title=A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Law and Love|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=igMXmZ055ooC&pg=PA6|accessdate=27 August 2010|date=26 May 2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-14096-5|pages=6–}}</ref><ref name=Akenson539>{{cite book | last1 = Akenson | first1 = Donald | title = Surpassing wonder: the invention of the Bible and the Talmuds | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1998 | pages = 539–555 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=40E8am9SlwgC&pg=538&dq=%22appeals+to+consensus%22#v=onepage&q=%22appeals%20to%20consensus%22&f=false | accessdate = 2011-Jan-08 | quote = ...The point I shall argue below is that, the agreed evidentiary practices of the historians of Yeshua, despite their best efforts, have not been those of sound historical practice... | isbn = 978-0-226-01073-1}}</ref><ref name=MarshQ>Clive Marsh, "Diverse Agendas at Work in the Jesus Quest" in ''Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus'' by Tom Holmen and Stanley E. Porter (Jan 12, 2011) ISBN 90-04-16372-7 pages 986-1002</ref><ref name=MarshBIJ>Clive Marsh "Quests of the Historical Jesus in New Historicist Perspective" in ''[[Biblical Interpretation (journal)|Biblical Interpretation Journal]]'' Volume 5, Number 4, 1997 , pp. 403-437(35)</ref> Pada abad ke-21, pendekatan "maximalist" dari abad ke-19 yang menerima semua isi Injil, maupun kecenderungan "minimalist" di awal abad ke-20 yang sama sekali menolak Injil, keduanya ditinggalkan dan para ilmuwan mulai berfokus pada apa yang menurut sejarah memungkinkan dan menguatkan mengenai kehidupan Yesus.<ref name=Keener163>''The Historical Jesus of the Gospels'' by Craig S. Keener (Apr 13, 2012) ISBN 0-8028-6888-6 page 163</ref><ref name=Borg4>''Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship'' by Marcus J. Borg (Aug 1, 1994) ISBN 1-56338-094-3 pages 4-6</ref><ref name=ChilE27>''Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research'' by Bruce Chilton and Craig A. Evans (Jun 1998) ISBN 90-04-11142-5 page 27</ref><ref name=Meier124>[[John P. Meier]] "Criteria: How do we decide what comes from Jesus?" in ''The Historical Jesus in Recent Research'' by James D. G. Dunn and Scot McKnight (Jul 15, 2006) ISBN 1-57506-100-7 page 124 "Since in the quest for the historical Jesus almost anything is possible, the function of the criteria is to pass from the merely possible to the really probable, to inspect various probabilities, and to decide which candidate is most probable. Ordinarily the criteria can not hope to do more."</ref>