Papirus 45: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Kondisi naskah ==
Naskah ini dalam kondisi rusak berat dan terfragmentasi. Lembaran-lembaran papirus dijilid dalam bentuk [[codex]], yang diduga terdiri dari 220 halaman, meskipun hanya 30 yang terlestarikan (dua halaman Injil Matius, 6 halaman Injil Markus, 7 halaman Injil Lukas, 2 halaman Injil Yohanes, dan 13 halaman Kisah Para Rasul). Semua halaman mempunyai bagian yang hilang (''lacunae'') dan hanya segelintir baris yang lengkap. Lembaran-lembaran Injil Matius dan Injil Yohanes berukuran paling kecil. Halaman aslinya diperkirakan berukuran 10 inci kali 8 inci. Tidak seperti naskah-naskah lain dari abad ke-3 yang biasanya hanya memuat Injil atau hanya [[Surat-surat Am]] atau hanya [[Surat-surat Paulus]], manuskrip aslinya diduga memuat lebih dari satu kelompok kitab-kitab Perjanjian Baru. Hipotesis ini dikemukakan berdasarkan observasi pengumpulan 2 lembar dari satu ''quire'' tunggal, yang dimiliki kebanyakan codex.<ref>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration'', ''[[Oxford University Press]]'' (New York - Oxford, 2005), p. 54.</ref>
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==Textual character==
Because of the extent of the damage, determining the text's type has been difficult for scholars. The manuscript was obtained by [[Alfred Chester Beatty]] in the first half of the 20th century, and published in ''The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible'' by [[Frederic G. Kenyon]] in 1933. In this work, Kenyon identified the text of the Gospel of Mark in P45 as [[Caesarean text-type|Caesarean]], following the definition of [[Burnett Hillman Streeter]].<ref>Huston 1955, p. 262</ref> Hollis Huston criticized Kenyon's transcription of various partially surviving words, and concluded that chapters 6 and 11 of Mark in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> could not neatly fit into one text-type, especially not Caesarean, because the manuscript predates the distinctive texts for each type from the 4th and 5th centuries.<ref>Huston 1955, pp. 265, 268, 270-271.</ref>
 
== Ciri tekstual ==
It has a great number of singular readings.<ref>Barbara Aland, ''The Significance of the Chester Beatty in Early Church History, in: ''The Earliest Gospels'' ed. Charles Horton, London 2004, p. 110.</ref>
Berhubung keadaannya yang rusak berat, penentuan jenis teks tidaklah mudah. Naskah ini diperoleh [[Alfred Chester Beatty]] pada pertengahan pertama abad ke-20, dan diterbitkan dalam ''The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible'' karya [[Frederic G. Kenyon]] pada tahun 1933. Dalam karya ini, Kenyon mengidentifikasi teks [[Injil Markus]] dalam P45 sebagai [[Teks Kaisarea]], menurut definisi [[Burnett Hillman Streeter]].<ref>Huston 1955, p. 262</ref> Hollis Huston mengkritik transkripsi Kenyon untuk berbagai kata yang terlestarikan hanya sebagian, dan menyimpulkan bahwa pasal 6 dan 11 dari Injil Markus dalam <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> bukan dari satu jenis teks, khususnya bukan teks Kaisarea, karena naskah ini dibuat lebih awal daripada teks-teks khas dari abad ke-4 dan ke-5.<ref>Huston 1955, pp. 265, 268, 270-271.</ref> Memuat banyak bacaan unik (''singular'').<ref>Barbara Aland, ''The Significance of the Chester Beatty in Early Church History, in: ''The Earliest Gospels'' ed. Charles Horton, London 2004, p. 110.</ref>
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=== Jenis teks ===
<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> memiliki kedekatan statistik dengan [[Codex Washingtonianus]] untuk [[Injil Markus]], dan dalam tingkat lebih rendah, dengan [[Family 13]]. Mengutip studi Larry Hurtado, ''Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark,'' Eldon Jay Epp setuju bahwa tidak ada kaitan dengan [[teks Kaisarea]] maupun pre-Kaisarea untuk [[Injil Markus]].<ref>Hurtado, Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text, 1981.</ref> Juga ada kaitan kuat dengan [[Teks Alexandria]] atau Teks Neutral, seperti [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]], [[Teks Western]] seperti [[Codex Bezae]], dan [[Teks Bizantin]] seperti [[Textus Receptus]].<ref>Epp 1974, p. 395</ref>
 
[[File:P45 Marc 8.35-9.1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Markus 8:35-9:1 dalam [[Papirus 45]]]]
Hipotesis lain adalah bahwa "<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> berasal dari tradisi Alexandria, tetapi memuat banyak bacaan dengan maksud untuk "memperbaiki" teks secara stilistik, dan sejumlah harmonisasi. Meskipun masih sukar untuk menempatkan dalam kategori sejarah teks, banyak pakar setuju bahwa jenis teksnya bukan Kaisarea, berlawanan dengan pendapat Kenyon.
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Another hypothesis is that "<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> comes from the Alexandrian tradition, but has many readings intended to "improve" the text stylistically, and a number of harmonizations. While still difficult to place historically in a category of texts, most scholars today agree that the text is not Caesarean, contrary to Kenyon.
 
The textual character of the manuscript varies from book to book. In Mark, multivariate analysis of apparatus data from the UBS ''Greek New Testament'' (4th ed.)<ref>Aland et al. (eds), ''Greek New Testament'', 4th rev. ed., Stuttgart: German Bible Society, 1998</ref> places <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> in a group which includes [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]] (for chapters 5-16), Θ, Family 1, 28, 205, 565; the Sinaitic Syriac, Armenian, and Georgian versions; and Origen's quotations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tfinney.net/Groups/index.xhtml |title=How To Discover Textual Groups |accessdate=2013-03-16 |author=Timothy J. Finney}}</ref> This group corresponds to what Streeter called an "Eastern type" of the text.<ref>{{cite book |last=Streeter |first=B. H. |authorlink= |title=The Four Gospels |url= |accessdate= |year=1924 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn= |page= |pages=27, 108}}</ref> In Luke, an eleven-way PAM partition based on Greek manuscript data associated with the INTF's ''Parallel Pericopes'' volume<ref>Holger Strutwolf and Klaus Wachtel (eds), ''Novum Testamentum Graecum: Editio Critica Maior: Parallel Pericopes: Special Volume Regarding the Synoptic Gospels'' (Stuttgart: German Bible Society, 2011)</ref> places the manuscript in a group with C (04), [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L (019)]], [[Codex Zacynthius|Ξ (040)]], 33, 892, and 1241.<ref>PAM (partitioning around medoids) is a multivariate analysis technique. For a description, see {{cite web |url=http://www.tfinney.net/Views/index.xhtml |title=Views of New Testament Textual Space |accessdate=2013-03-16 |author=Timothy J. Finney}}</ref> In Acts it is closest to the Alexandrian text.
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ItDiperkirakan isdari calculatedperhitungan thatruang thehalaman codexbahwa omittedkodeks theini [[Jesustidak andmemuat thenas woman[[Yesus takendan inperempuan adulteryyang berzina|Pericope Adulterae]] (John{{Alkitba|Yohanes 7:53-8:11}}), meskipun pasal 7 dan 8 tidak terlestarikan dalam naskah ini.<ref>[[T. C. Skeat]], ''A Codicological Analysis of the Chester Beatty Papyrus Codex of Gospels and Acts (P 45)'', in: T. C. Skeat and J. K. Elliott, ''The collected biblical writings of T. C. Skeat'', Brill 2004, p. 147.</ref>
 
It is calculated that the codex omitted the [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|Pericope Adulterae]] (John 7:53-8:11).<ref>[[T. C. Skeat]], ''A Codicological Analysis of the Chester Beatty Papyrus Codex of Gospels and Acts (P 45)'', in: T. C. Skeat and J. K. Elliott, ''The collected biblical writings of T. C. Skeat'', Brill 2004, p. 147.</ref>
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=== Bacaan unik ===
[[File:P45 Matthieu 25.41-46.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Matius 25:41-46 dalam Papirus 45]]