Naskah Alkitab: Perbedaan antara revisi

The New Testament books appear to have been completed within the 1st century. However, the original manuscripts of the New Testament books do not survive today. The [[autograph]]s were lost or destroyed a long time ago. What survives are copies of the original. Generally speaking, these copies were made centuries after the originals from other copies rather than from the autograph. [[Paleography]], a science of dating manuscripts by typological analysis of their scripts, is the most precise and objective means known for determining the age of a manuscript. Script groups belong typologically to their generation; and changes can be noted with great accuracy over relatively short periods of time. Dating of manuscript material by a [[Radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon dating test]] requires that a small part of the material be destroyed in the process; it is less accurate than dating from paleography.<ref>[http://original.britannica.com/eb/article-73398/biblical-literature#597996.hook Britannica Online: Types of manuscript errors]</ref> Both radiocarbon and paleographical dating only give a range of possible dates, and it's still debated just how narrow this range might be. Dates established by radiocarbon dating can present a range of 10 to over 100 years. Similarly, dates established by paleography can present a range of 25 to over 125 years.<ref>Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map By F. V. Greifenhagen</ref>

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Naskah tertua Perjanjian Baru adalah fragmen seukuran kartu bisnis dari [[Injil Yohanes]], [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], yang diperkirakan dibuat pada pertengahan pertama abad ke-2. Salinan lengkap pertama dari satu kitab dalam Perjanjian Baru muncul sekitar tahun 200, dan salinan lengkap Perjanjian Baru, [[Codex Sinaiticus]] bertarikh abad ke-4.<ref>Ehrman 2004, pp. 479-480</ref> The following table lists the earliest extant manuscript witnesses for the books of the [[New Testament]].

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[[Surat Roma]]

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Fragments

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Fragments

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[[Papirus 46|P<sup class="superscript">46</sup>]]

Since the mid-19th century, eclecticism, in which there is no ''a priori'' bias to a single manuscript, has been the dominant method of editing the Greek text of the New Testament (currently, the United Bible Society, 4th ed. and Nestle-Aland, 27th ed.). In [[textual criticism]], eclecticism is the practice of examining a wide number of text witnesses and selecting the variant that seems best. The result of the process is a text with readings drawn from many witnesses. In a purely eclectic approach, no single witness is theoretically favored. Instead, the critic forms opinions about individual witnesses, relying on both external and internal evidence. Even so, the oldest manuscripts, being of the [[Alexandrian text-type]], are the most favored, and the critical text has an Alexandrian disposition.<ref name="ISBN 9039001057">Aland, B. 1994: 138</ref> Modern translations of the New Testament are based on these copies.

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