Istanbul: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 203:
|source = [[World Meteorological Organization]] ([[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldweather.org/014/c00047.htm |title=Weather Information for Istanbul |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=}}</ref> Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (DMİ)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteor.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yillik-toplam-yagis-verileri.aspx?m=ISTANBUL |title=Yıllık Toplam Yağış Verileri - İstanbul |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=}}</ref><!-- <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.gov.tr/sondurum/en-dusuk-sicakliklar.aspx?t=t&gun=120131&ind=1&s=NM&f= |title=Ölçülen En Düşük Sıcaklıklar (Lowest Recorded Temperatures): 30.01.2012 06:00 - 31.01.2012 06:00 (UTC) - İstanbul |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=}}</ref> --> dan [[BBC]] Weather Centre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT004370 |title=BBC - Weather Centre - World Weather - Average Conditions - Istanbul |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=}}</ref>
|accessdate =24 Juni 2010}}
== Kota kembar ==
Berikut ini adalah daftar [[kota kembar]] Istanbul:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm|title=Sister Cities of Istanbul|accessdate=2007-09-08}}</ref><ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=94185|publisher=Radikal|language=Turkish|date=2003-11-03|quote=49 sister cities in 2003|title=İstanbul'a 49 kardeş|last=Erdem|first=Selim Efe}}</ref>
{{Multicol}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Benua
!Bendera negara
!Kota
!Mulai
|-
|rowspan=23|[[Eropa]]
|{{flagcountry|Yunani}}
|[[Kota Athena]]
|rowspan=16|
|-
|{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Baku]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Jerman}}
|[[Berlin]]<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html|title=Berlin's international city relations |publisher=Berlin Mayor's Office|accessdate=2009-07-01}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Spanyol}}
|[[Barcelona]]<ref name="Barcelona">{{cite web|url=http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,229724149_257215678_1,00.html|title=Barcelona internacional - Ciutats agermanades|publisher=© 2006-2009 [http://www.bcn.es/catala/copyright/welcome2.htm Ajuntament de Barcelona]|language=Spanish|accessdate=2009-07-13}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Hongaria}}
|[[Budapest]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Jerman}}
|[[Köln]]
|-
|rowspan=2|{{flagcountry|Rumania}}
|[[Bukares]]
|-
|[[Constanţa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|[[Durrës]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Italia}}
|[[Firenze]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Rusia}}
|[[Grozny]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.salon.com/news/news961108.html|title= Chechnya rebuilds from Turkey| accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher=Newsreal}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Britania Raya}}
|[[London]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ukraina}}
|[[Odessa]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|[[Plovdiv]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Ceko}}
|[[Praha]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Belanda}}
|[[Rotterdam]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Rusia}}
|[[Saint Petersburg]]<ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures - International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |accessdate=2008-11-23}}</ref>
|1990
|-
|{{flagcountry|Bosnia dan Herzegovina}}
|[[Sarajevo]]
|rowspan=5|
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Makedonia}}
|[[Skopje]]<ref name="Skopje">{{cite web|url=http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=69|title=Official portal of City of Skopje - Skopje Sister Cities|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2006–2009 [http://www.skopje.gov.mk/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=1 City of Skopje]|accessdate=2009-07-14}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagcountry|Swedia}}
|[[Stockholm]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Perancis}}
|[[Strasbourg]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Italia}}
|[[Venesia]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Polandia}}
|[[Warsawa]]<ref>{{pl}} {{cite web |author= |url=http://um.warszawa.pl/v_syrenka/new/index.php?dzial=aktualnosci&ak_id=3284&kat=11 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |pages= |page= |date=2005-05-04 |accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref>
|1991
|-
|rowspan=22|[[Asia]]
|{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|[[Almaty]]
|rowspan=33|
|-
|{{flagcountry|Yordania}}
|[[Amman]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Korea Selatan}}
|[[Busan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Suriah}}
|[[Damaskus]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Uni Emirat Arab}}
|[[Dubai]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}
|[[Kota Ho Chi Minh]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Iran}}
|[[Isfahan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Arab Saudi}}
|[[Jeddah]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|[[Johor Bahru]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Afganistan}}
|[[Kabul]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Rusia}}
|[[Kazan]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
|[[Lahore]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
|[[Mary, Turkmenistan|Mary]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kirgistan}}
|[[Osh]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
|[[Samarkand|Samarqand]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Cina}}
|[[Shanghai]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Jepang}}
|[[Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi|Shimonoseki]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|[[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Iran}}
|[[Tabriz]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Cina}}
|[[Xi'an]]
|-
|rowspan=7|[[Amerika]]
|{{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|[[Buenos Aires]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|[[Caracas]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kuba}}
|[[Havana]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}}
|[[Houston, Texas|Houston]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Meksiko}}
|[[Kota Meksiko]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Brasil}}
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Kanada}}
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Afrika]]
|{{flagcountry|Mesir}}
|[[Kairo]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Aljazair}}
|[[Constantine, Aljazair|Constantine]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|[[Khartoum]]
|-
|{{flagcountry|Maroko}}
|[[Rabat]]
|}
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar tokoh dari Istanbul]]
* [[Daftar kota kembar di Turki#Istanbul|Daftar kota kembar Istanbul]]
* [[Bizantium]]
* [[Konstantinopel]]
* [[Ottoman]]
== Catatan kaki ==
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