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Persatuan Irlandia ditentang oleh partai-partai [[unionisme di Irlandia|unionis]] dan kelompok-kelompok paramiliter [[loyalisme Ulster|loyalis]] di Irlandia Utara. Pemerintah Britania Raya tunduk pada [[Akta Irlandia Utara 1998]] yang memerintahkan untuk mengikuti kehendak mayoritas penduduk Irlandia Utara.
== Sejarah ==
=== Raja dan Raja Tinggi ===
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Before the coming of the [[Normans]], there existed the title of ''[[Ard Rí]]'' (High King), usually held by the [[Uí Néill]], but this was more of a ceremonial title denoting a sort of "first among equals", rather than an [[absolute monarchy]] and [[unitary state]] as developed in [[England]] and [[Scotland]]. Most were described in the records as king "with opposition". Nevertheless, several strong characters imbued the office with real power, most notably [[Máel Sechnaill mac Maíl Ruanaid]] (845–860), his son [[Flann Sinna]] (877–914) and Flann's great-grandson [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill]] (979–1002; 1014–1022), [[Brian Boru]] (1002–1014), [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]] (1101–1119), and [[Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair]] (1119–1156).
What prevented the consolidation of truly national power even by the ''Ard Rí'' was the fact that the island was divided into a number of autonomous, fully independent [[monarchy|kingdoms]] ruled by rival [[dynasties]]. The most powerful of these kingdoms in the immediate pre-Norman era were [[Aileach]], [[Kingdom of Breifne|Brefine]], [[Mide]], [[Leinster]], [[Osraige]], [[Munster]] and [[Connacht]]. In addition to these, there were a number of lesser subject kingdoms such as [[Airgialla]], [[Uladh]], [[Brega]], [[Dublin]], [[Kingdom of Desmond|Desmond]], and [[Uí Maine]]. Many of these kingdoms and lordships retained, at the very least, some degree of independence right up to the end of independent Gaelic polity in the 17th century.
In 1168–72, the [[Norman invasion of Ireland]] ended with the acceptance by some of the Gaelic kings and bishops of the unitary rule of [[Henry II of England|Henri Plantagenet]] as [[Lordship of Ireland|Lord of Ireland]]. In 1297 the first [[Irish parliament]] sat, modelled on the Norman–English parliament but only representing large landowners and merchants. However by 1300 the Norman system was breaking down and Norman lords and the former Gaelic dynasties reasserted local control in their areas. By 1500 the area directly controlled by the Lordship had reduced to [[the Pale]]. The power of the lords deputy had become similar to the former high kings "with opposition", and they could only succeed in alliances with the local dynasties.
Under [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]], the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]] included the establishment of the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] in 1541–42. The dynasties were to be included in the system and use English law, and the process took decades of treaty negotiations and wars, ending with the [[Plantation of Ulster]] that started in 1607. For the first time since the Norman invasion, Ireland could be said to be united in a way similar to most European states.
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=== Konfederasi Irlandia 1642–1649 ===
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[[Image:Kilkenny Castle cropped version.jpg|right|thumb|Kilkenny Castle, seat of Confederate Ireland.]]
The next significant moment occurred in 1642 when the [[Confederate Ireland|Confederate Catholics Association of Ireland]] – an Irish Catholic government formed to fight the [[Irish Confederate Wars]], assembled at [[Kilkenny]] and held an all-Ireland assembly. The Confederates did rule much of Ireland up to 1649, but were riven by dissent and civil war in later years over whether to ally themselves with the English and Scottish Royalists in the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]. Ultimately, they dissolved their Association in favour of unity with the Royalists, but were defeated anyway in the [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]], and from 1653–60 Ireland was united for the first time under a republican government, ruling from London.
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=== 1653–1921 ===
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[[Image:Easter Proclamation of 1916.png|thumb|Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 1916.]]
Although ruled by [[Early Modern Britain|Britain]], Ireland was a united political entity from the end of the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] in 1653 until 1921.
Until the [[Constitution of 1782]], Ireland was placed under the effective control of the British-appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]] due to restrictive measures such as [[Poynings' Law]]. From 1541 to 1801, the island's political status was that of the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] in [[personal union]] with the English (and later the British) Crown. Under the leadership of [[Henry Grattan]], the [[Irish Parliament]] (still dominated by the [[Protestant Ascendancy|Ascendancy]]) acquired a measure of autonomy for a time. After the [[Act of Union 1800|Act of Union]], Ireland became part of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]], a single entity, whose [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] sat at [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]].
Ireland was last undivided at the outbreak of [[World War I]] after national self-government in the form of the Third [[Home Rule Act 1914]], won by [[John Redmond]] leader of the [[Irish Parliamentary Party]] was placed on the statute books, but suspended until the end of the war. It was amended to partition Ireland for six years following the objections of Irish [[Unionists (Ireland)|Unionists]].
In the [[Irish (UK) general election, 1918|1918 UK general election]], the republican [[Sinn Féin]] political party won the vast majority of seats in Ireland. The newly elected Sinn Féin candidates did not take their seat in Westminster; instead they formed a republican assembly in Dublin called [[Dáil Éireann]] which declared Irish independence in January 1919. Its claims over the entire island were, however, not accepted by northern Unionists. Under the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] the [[Irish Free State]] became in 1922 the name of the state covering twenty-six counties in the south and west, replacing the Irish Republic, while six counties in the northeast remained within the United Kingdom under the [[Government of Ireland Act 1920]]. According to some historians, Sinn Féin had no special policy towards Ulster despite its different religious and political make-up, regarding it as an integral part of an Irish republic.
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=== 1922–1998 ===
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[[Image:NIrelandDerryFreeJM.jpg|thumb|Nationalist wall mural, [[Derry]] 1986]]
In 1925, the [[Boundary Commission (Ireland)|Boundary Commission]] that was established to fix the future line of the border had to be rescued by an intergovernmental deal signed on 3 December. Essentially the [[Irish Free State]]'s share of the UK national debt was waived by Britain in exchange for the border remaining as defined in the 1920 Government of Ireland Act. Subsequently, but without reference to the financial aspect of the deal, the Free State, and its successor, the [[Republic of Ireland]] (declared in 1949), both claimed that Northern Ireland was part of their territory, but did not attempt to force reunification, nor did they claim to be able to legislate for it. In 1998, following the [[Good Friday Agreement]] (also known as the Belfast Agreement), the Republic voted to amend [[Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland|Articles 2 and 3]] of its [[Constitution of Ireland|constitution]] so that the territorial claim was amended with a recognition of the Northern Ireland people's right to [[self-determination]].
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=== Masa kini ===
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The leading political parties in the Republic of Ireland, [[Fianna Fáil]] and [[Fine Gael]] (more so the former however), have often made a united Ireland a part of their political message. It is also a main focus of [[Sinn Féin]] and the [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]] (SDLP) in Northern Ireland. The first line of the introduction to the page "History of the Conflict"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinnfein.ie/history |title=History | Sinn Féin |publisher=Sinnfein.ie |date=1969-08-14 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref> on the official [[Sinn Féin]] website states: "Throughout history, the island of Ireland has been regarded as a single national unit."
In contrast, the Unionist community – composed primarily of [[Protestant]]s in the six counties that form Northern Ireland – opposes unification. All of the island's political parties (except for tiny fringe groups with little electoral representation) have accepted the [[principle of consent]], which states that Northern Ireland's constitutional status cannot change without majority support in Northern Ireland.
Many Protestants in Northern Ireland argue they have a distinct identity that would be overwhelmed in a united Ireland. They cite the decline of the small Protestant population of the Republic of Ireland since independence from the United Kingdom, the economic cost of unification, their place in a key international player (within the UK) and their (Protestants) mainly non-Irish ancestry. Unionist people in Northern Ireland primarily find their cultural and ethnic identity from the Scottish and English [[Plantation of Ulster|planters]], whose descendants can also be found in the three counties of Ulster which are governed by the Republic of Ireland. Such individuals celebrate their Scots heritage each year like their counterparts in the other six counties. While Catholics in general consider themselves to be Irish, Protestants generally see themselves as British, as shown by several studies and surveys performed between 1971 and 2006.<ref>Breen, R., Devine, P. and Dowds, L. (editors), 1996. ''"Social Attitudes in Northern Ireland: The Fifth Report"'' ISBN 0-86281-593-2. Chapter 2 retrieved from http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/research/nisas/rep5c2.htm on August 24, 2006. Summary: In 1989—1994, 79% Protestants replied "British" or "Ulster", 60% of Catholics replied "Irish."</ref><ref>[http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/1999/Community_Relations/NINATID.html Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999. Module:Community Relations. Variable:NINATID.] Summary:72% of Protestants replied "British". 68% of Catholics replied "Irish".</ref><ref>[http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/1999/Community_Relations/BRITISH.html Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey. Module:Community Relations. Variable:BRITISH.] Summary: 78% of Protestants replied "Strongly British."</ref><ref>[http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/1999/Community_Relations/IRISH.html Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999. Module:Community Relations. Variable:IRISH.] Summary: 77% of Catholics replied "Strongly Irish."</ref><ref>Institute of Governance, 2006. ''"National identities in the UK: do they matter?"''
Briefing No. 16, January 2006. Retrieved from http://www.institute-of-governance.org/forum/Leverhulme/briefing_pdfs/IoG_Briefing_16.pdf on August 24, 2006. Extract:"Three-quarters of Northern Ireland’s Protestants regard themselves as British, but only 12 per cent of Northern Ireland’s Catholics do so. Conversely, a majority of Catholics (65%) regard themselves as Irish, whilst very few Protestants (5%) do likewise. Very few Catholics (1%) compared to Protestants (19%) claim an Ulster identity but a Northern Irish identity is shared in broadly equal measure across religious traditions."''Details from attitude surveys are in [[Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland]].''</ref><ref>[http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Plain_English_Summaries/governance_and_citizenship/structure/index32.aspx?ComponentId=17242&SourcePageId=11746] University of York Research Project 2002-2003 L219252024 - Public Attitudes to Devolution and National Identity in Northern Ireland</ref><ref>[http://www.jstor.org/view/00346705/ap050158/05a00060/0] Northern Ireland: Constitutional Proposals and the Problem of Identity, by J. R. Archer
The Review of Politics, 1978</ref><ref>[http://www.ucd.ie/spire/text%20files/todd-achangedirishnationalism.pdf] A changed Irish nationalism? The significance of the Belfast Agreement of 1998, by Joseph Ruane and Jennifer Todd</ref> Many Protestants do not consider themselves as primarily Irish, as many Irish nationalists do, but rather within the context of an Ulster or British identity. A 1999 survey showed that a little over half of Protestants felt "Not at all Irish.", while the rest "felt Irish" in varying degrees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/1999/Community_Relations/IRISH.html |title=Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999. Module:Community Relations. Variable:IRISH |publisher=Ark.ac.uk |date=2003-05-09 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref>
Given that all significant political parties and both the UK and Irish Governments support the "Principle of Consent" the final choice is one for the people of Northern Ireland, alone, to decide. Meanwhile it should be pointed out that in certain instances there does in fact exist a degree of Irish unity already. For example the Church of Ireland and the Roman Catholic Church are both organised on an all Ireland basis. Also the Irish rugby football, cricket and International Rules teams are drawn from both north and south. Members of the Irish Defence Forces are drawn from north and south of the border.{{fact|date=March 2013}}
Currently, both the Irish and British governments are creating a number of all-island bodies and services, such as the all-island electricity network from November 2007, then to be followed by the all-island gas network.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/?jp=MHKFOJKFMHOJ&rss=rss2 |title='All Island Gas Plans Welcomed' |publisher=BreakingNews.ie |date=2007-06-15 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref> Not only services, but also governmental bodies such as [[The Loughs Agency]], [[Waterways Ireland]], [[InterTradeIreland]] and, most notably, the [[North/South Ministerial Council]], have been set up; with more planned in the near future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irlgov.ie/organisations/list.asp?type=15&D=North+%2F+South+Institutions |title=Irish Government - 'North / South Institutions' |publisher=Irlgov.ie |date= |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref> Recently, politicians have called for there to be an all-island corporation tax of 12.5% (currently the Republic's corporation tax - the lowest in the [[European Union]]), in order to boost Northern Ireland's economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/0601/breaking13.htm |title='Paisley urges lower corporation tax' |publisher=Irish Times |date=2007-06-06 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref> Other politicians have called for an all-island telecommunications network, especially within regard to [[mobile phones]].<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhkfeyauidsn/rss2/ |title='SF calls for single Irish phone tariff' |publisher=BreakingNews.ie |date=2007-06-07 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref> The Irish government are currently investing over €1 billion in Northern Ireland as well, especially in the West, around [[Derry]]. Investments include upgrading [[City of Derry]] airport (at a cost of €11 million), building a [[Letterkenny]]/Derry–Dublin motorway or [[high-quality dual carriageway]], reopening the [[Ulster Canal]], and improving [[cancer]] services in the region for those in the region itself, but also people from [[County Donegal]] in the Republic.<ref>[Fianna Fáil 2007 Election manifesto - 'Peace and Unity]</ref>
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== Opini masyarakat ==
=== Di Irlandia Utara ===
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[[Image:NILT NIRELND2.png|thumb|Time series showing public opinion on long-term policy in Northern Ireland.]]
In 1973, the population of Northern Ireland was [[Northern Irish sovereignty referendum, 1973|polled]] on whether Northern Ireland should remain part of the United Kingdom or join with the Republic of Ireland to form a United Ireland. The poll was overwhelmingly boycotted by Catholics, and so the result of 98.9% in favour of union with the rest of the UK represented the opinion of 57.45% of the electorate.<ref>{{cite web | title=CAIN Web Service| work=Referendum ('Border Poll') (NI) - Thursday 8 March 1973 | url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/election/ref1973.htm | accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=BBC On This Day| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/newsid_2516000/2516477.stm | accessdate=2008-02-17 | date=9 March 1973 | work=BBC News}}</ref>
A possible referendum on a united Ireland was included as part of the terms of the [[Good Friday Agreement]]. Currently about 42% of the Northern Ireland electorate vote for Irish nationalist parties that oppose the union with [[Great Britain]] and support a united Ireland as an alternative, although it is not the only issue at election time so it is difficult to take this figure as a direct indication of levels of support for a united Ireland. A survey taken in 2008 showed support for a united Ireland at 18% and support for Northern Ireland remaining in the United Kingdom at 70%. Eight percent support independence or other arrangements.<ref name=nilt>{{cite web
|title = Do you think the long-term policy for Northern Ireland should be for it...?
|url = http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/2008/Political_Attitudes/NIRELND2.html
|publisher = Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey
|year = 2008
|accessdate = 2009-07-20
}}</ref>
A 2011 survey by the Northern Ireland Life and Times survey found that 52% of Northern Irish Catholics respondents favoured union with Great Britain over a united Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|author=Henry McDonald |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/jun/17/life-and-times-survey-united-ireland |title=The Kingdom will remain United – in Ireland, at least|publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/0620/1224299225080.html |title=Over half Catholics surveyed want North to stay in UK |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2011-06-06 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref>
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=== Di Republik Irlandia ===
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Support for Irish unity is a feature of all major political parties in the Republic of Ireland. Some very small pressure groups do exist, such as the [[Reform Movement (Ireland)|Reform Movement]] and lodges of the [[Orange Institution|Orange Order]] in the Republic of Ireland, that are sympathetic to Northern Ireland remaining within the UK for the foreseeable future, but their impact on the broader political opinion is negligible. A [[2006 Dublin riots|Dublin riot]] in 2006 prevented a march organised by "Love Ulster", though the rioters did not have a wide support base. Some politically [[conservative]] Catholics from the Republic of Ireland, such as [[Mary Kenny]] and [[Desmond Fennell]] have also expressed misgivings about a United Ireland, fearing the incorporation of a large number of Protestants would threaten what they see as the Catholic nature of the Republic.<ref>Fennell, Desmond. ''Heresy:The Battle of Ideas in Modern Ireland.'' 1993.</ref> A 2006 [[Sunday Business Post]] survey reported that almost 80% of voters in the Republic favour a united Ireland: 22% believe that "achieving a united Ireland should be the first priority of the government" while 55% say they "would like to see a united Ireland, but not as the first priority of government." Of the remainder 10% said no efforts should be made to bring about a united Ireland and 13% had no opinion.<ref name="iepoll2006"/> This poll was markedly up from one year earlier when a ''[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]'' article<ref>Jerome Reilly, "[http://www.independent.ie/national-news/almost-half-of-us-would-reject-united-ireland-poll-472479.html Almost half of us would reject united Ireland: poll]", Sunday September 18, 2005</ref> reported that 55% would support a united Ireland, while the remainder said such an ambition held no interest.
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=== Di Britania Raya ===
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[[Image:Northern-Ireland-question-UK-BSA.svg|thumb|Time series showing UK public opinion on long-term policy in Northern Ireland.]]
There is significant support in Great Britain for Ireland to reunify as a political entity. A poll conducted by [[ICM Research|ICM]] for ''[[The Guardian]]'' in 2001 revealed that 26% of Britons supported Northern Ireland remaining a part of the UK, while 41% supported a united Ireland.<ref name="doop1">Jonathan Freedland, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,540092,00.html Surge in support for Irish unity]" The Guardian, Tuesday August 21, 2001</ref> The [[British Social Attitudes Surveys|British Social Attitudes Survey]] in 2007 found 32.25% supported Northern Ireland remaining part of the UK, and 40.16% supported Irish reunification.<ref name="doop2">{{cite web
| url = http://www.britsocat.com/BodySecure.aspx?control=BritsocatMarginals&var=NIRELAND&SurveyID=221
| title = NIRELAND by YEAR
| publisher = [[British Social Attitudes Surveys|British Social Attitudes Survey]]
| year = 2006
| accessdate = 2008-05-31
}}{{registration required}}</ref> The poll has been run 19 times between 1983 and 2007, with each result being in favour of Irish unity. The highest support came in 1994 with 59.36% of the respondents supporting Irish reunification, while 24.09% supported Northern Ireland remaining in the UK.
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== Dukungan dan tentangan politik terhadap penyatuan ==
=== Irlandia Utara ===
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Opposition to reunification comes mainly from Unionist political parties in Northern Ireland, particularly the [[Ulster Unionist Party]] and the [[Democratic Unionist Party]]. It also comes from loyalist paramilitary groups such as the [[Ulster Defence Association]] and [[Ulster Volunteer Force (1966)|Ulster Volunteer Force]].
Nationalist parties in Northern Ireland support the independence of Northern Ireland (and of Ireland as a whole) from the United Kingdom and all nationalist parties support a united Ireland in some form. [[Sinn Féin]] is currently the largest nationalist party in the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] (and the fourth largest in the Republic's [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]]).<ref>See: [[Irish general election, 2007]]</ref> Until recently, it had a policy of violent intervention through the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] but since the mid-90s had adopted a policy of achieving a united Ireland through constitutional means only. It supports integration of political institutions across the island of Ireland. For example, the party has proposed that Northern Ireland should have some form of representation in the Dáil, with elected representatives from either the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] or the [[British House of Commons]] able to participate in debates, if not vote. The major parties in the Republic have rejected this notion on a number of occasions. Should Irish reunification ever occur, Sinn Féin has stated that it would wish to amend the Irish constitution to protect minorities, including the Protestant and [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster Scots]] communities, that are already protected by the [[European Convention on Human Rights]].
The [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]] had previously been the largest nationalist party in Northern Ireland, but has suffered in elections since Sinn Féin's abandoned armed politics. As with Sinn Féin, it is committed to achieving a united Ireland. However, throughout its history, it has believed that reunification should be accomplished through constitutional means only. It would support a united Ireland only if a majority of both parts of Ireland voted for it in a referendum. In a united Ireland, the SDLP would support the continuation of a devolved Northern Ireland, governed by a local assembly. Aside from the major parties, Northern Ireland has several minor Nationalist parties. Among these, some parties are tied to paramilitary organisations and seek the reunification of Ireland through armed politics. These include the [[Irish Republican Socialist Party]], which supports a united [[socialist]] Irish state and is affiliated with the [[Irish National Liberation Army]]. Another such party, [[Republican Sinn Féin]], linked to the [[Continuity IRA]], does not believe that the [[Irish government]] or the [[Northern Ireland Executive]] are legitimate as neither legislates for Ireland as a whole. Its ''Éire Nua'' (in English, ''New Ireland'') policy advocates a unified [[Federation|federal]] state with regional governments for the four [[Provinces of Ireland|provinces]] and the national capital in [[Athlone]], a town in the geographic centre of Ireland. None of these parties has significant electoral support.
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=== Republik Irlandia ===
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Historically the largest party in the Republic, and the governing party for most of the last 80 years, [[Fianna Fáil]] has supported reunification since its foundation, when it split from Sinn Féin in 1926 in protest at the party's policy of refusal to accept the legitimacy of the partitioned Irish state. However, in its history since, it has differed on how to accomplish it. Fianna Fáil rejected the 1985 [[Anglo-Irish Agreement]], which gave the Republic of Ireland an advisory role in Northern Ireland, claimed the agreement was in conflict with the then [[Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland]] because it recognised Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom. It later oversaw the removal of these articles from the constitution and today fully supports the Good Friday Agreement, which it negotiated in coalition with the Progressive Democrats (see below). On 17 September 2007 Fianna Fáil announced that the party would, for the first time, organise in Northern Ireland. Ahern said that, "it is time now for this Party to play its full role, to take its proper place, in this new politics - in this New Ireland."{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} By 2009 [[Martin Mansergh]] accepted that a United Ireland was not a major priority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0610/1224248537144.html |title=United Ireland less compelling now, says Mansergh |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2009-06-06 |accessdate=2012-09-02}}</ref>
Historically, the second-largest party and, following the 2011 General Election, the largest party in the Dáil, [[Fine Gael]], a descendent of the pro-Anglo-Irish Treaty section of Sinn Féin upon the partition of Ireland, has also supported reunification as one of the its key aims since its foundation. It supports the Good Friday Agreement and had previously negotiated the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
The [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]], likewise, has also supported reunification since the foundation of the state, although it has always considered this aim secondary to social causes. It also fully supports the Belfast Agreement, and supported the Anglo-Irish agreement. The former President of Ireland, Mary Robinson, resigned from the Irish Labour Party because she objected to the exclusion of unionists from the talks that led to the 1985 agreement.
The now defunct [[Progressive Democrats]], a liberal party, which split from Fianna Fáil in the mid-1980s, supported reunification since its foundation, but only when a majority of the people of Northern Ireland consent to it. The party fully supported the Belfast Agreement. Former party leader, [[Mary Harney]], was expelled from Fianna Fáil for supporting the Anglo-Irish agreement. The party was one of the key negotiators of the Belfast Agreement.
The [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]] support the full implementation of the [[Belfast Agreement]], which takes the possibility of Irish unification into account as the basis of simultaneous referendums on the issue being successful in the Republic and in Northern Ireland. The Green Party are an all-island party, with TDs in the Republic and an MLA in Northern Ireland.
[[Sinn Féin]] is also an active party in the Republic, where its policies towards a united Ireland are the same as in Northern Ireland.
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=== Britania Raya ===
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In Great Britain, all major parties support the [[Belfast Agreement]]. Right-wing groups tend to be Unionist in outlook. Left-wing and liberal groups have traditionally been more open to a united Ireland.
Historically, there has been strong support for a united Ireland within the left of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], and in the 1980s it became official policy to support a united Ireland by consent.<ref>{{cite web
| title = The New Hope For Britain
| url = http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab83.htm
| publisher = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| year = 1983
| accessdate = 2007-09-12
}}</ref> The policy of "unity by consent" continued into the 1990s, eventually being replaced by a policy of neutrality in line with the [[Downing Street Declaration]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Britain will be better with new Labour
| url = http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab83.htm
| publisher = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| year = 1997
| accessdate = 2007-09-12
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/19980525042836/http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab83.htm |archivedate = 1998-05-25}}</ref>
The [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] has traditionally taken a strongly unionist line in relation to the United Kingdom as a whole by opposing nationalism in Scotland and Wales as well as Northern Ireland. Until 1974 they had a parliamentary alliance with the [[Ulster Unionist Party]] and the two parties retained formal ties until 1985. The Conservatives current position is to "[work] in Northern Ireland to restore stable and accountable government based on all parties accepting the principles of democracy and the rule of law.".<ref>{{cite web
| title = Built to Last: The Aims and Values of the Conservative Party
| url = http://www.conservatives.com/pdf/BuiltToLast-AimsandValues.pdf
| publisher = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]
| year = 2006
| accessdate = 2007-09-12
}}</ref> The Conservative Party is the only main UK party to contest elections in Northern Ireland.
The [[Liberal Democrats]] have a close relation with the [[Alliance Party of Northern Ireland]] and share their policy of supporting the [[Belfast Agreement]] whilst expressing reservations about what they perceive as its institutionalised sectarianism.
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== Lihat pula ==
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* [[Breton nationalism]]
* [[Partitionism]]
* [[Repartition of Ireland]]
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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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{{Nationalism in the United Kingdom}}
{{Irredentism}}
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== Pustaka lanjutan ==
| 