Wikipedia

Perang Arab-Israel 1948: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
JackieBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
12.862 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 1948 Arab-Israeli War
| partof = [[Arab-Israeli conflict]]
| image = [[File:Ink flag.jpg|200px]]
| caption =Captain Kapten [[Avraham Adan|Avraham "Bren" Adan]] raising themengibarkan [[Ink Flag]] at Umm Rashrash (a site now in [[Eilat]]), marking the end ofmenandai theberakhirnya warperang.<ref>Chaim Herzog, ''The Arab-Israeli wars''. 1982, ISBN 978-0-85368-367-4.</ref>
| date=15 May 1948 – 10 March 1949 <br /><small>Final= armistice[[15 agreementMei]] concluded[[1948]] on– [[ 20 JulyJuli [[1949]] <br /small>
| place =Former [[MandatoryMandat PalestineBritania atas Palestina]], [[SinaiGunung PeninsulaSinai]], [[southern Lebanon Selatan]]
| casus =
| territory = [[Israel]] mempertahankan wilayah berdasarkan Partisi [[PBB]], dan mengambil 50% dari negara Arab yang terlibat.
| territory=[[Israel]] keeps area allotted to it by [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|Partition Plan]], captures 50% of area allotted to Arab state, [[Occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan|Jordanian occupation]] of [[West Bank]], [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt|Egyptian occupation]] of the [[Gaza Strip]]
| result =Israeli victory,Kemenagan taktis dan strategis oleh [[Military tactics|tacticalIsrael]] and strategic Arab failure,<ref>Morris (2008) pp. 400, 419</ref> [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice Agreements]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}}
----
BeforeSebelum 26 MayMei 1948 :<br/>
[[File:Haganah Symbol.svg|17px]] [[Haganah]]<br/>
[[File:Palmach.jpg|20px]] [[Palmach]]<br/>
[[File:Pantani.jpg|20px]] [[Irgun]]<br/>
[[File:Lehi.jpg|20px]] [[Lehi (group)|Lehi]]<br/>
Allied [[Bedouin]] tribes{{Citation neededFact|date=May 2012}}<br/>
----
<br>AfterSetelah 26 MayMei 1948 :<br/>
[[File:Badge of the Israel Defence Forces.svg|border|23px]] [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]]<br/>
[[IDF Sword Battalion|Minorities Unit]]<br>
<br>Foreign volunteers:<br/>▼
[[Mahal (Israel)|Mahal]]
| combatant2 =
{{flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Kerajaan Mesir|Mesir]]<br />
{{flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]<ref name= "Oren">Oren, Michael, ''Six Days of War'', Random House Ballantine Publishing Group, (New York 2003), page 5, ISBN 0-345-46192-4</ref><br />
{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan|Transjordan]]<ref name= Oren/><br />
{{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} [[KingdomKerajaan of IraqIrak|IraqIrak]]<ref name= Oren/><br />
{{flagicon|Syria|1932}} [[Syrian Republic Suriah(1930–1958)|SyriaSuriah]]<ref name= Oren/><br />
[[File:Arab Revolt flagFlag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg|border|23px]] [[Holy War ArmyMujahiddin]]<br />▼
{{flag|Lebanon}}<ref name= Oren/><br />▼
▲<br>Foreign volunteersVolunteers :<br/>
[[File:Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1938).svg|23px]] [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>Arab states against israel, 1948 -[http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e1/NYTimes_1948_Jews_in_Arab.jpg A map from New York Times including Mutawakkilite Yemen] {{Wayback|df=yes|url=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e1/NYTimes_1948_Jews_in_Arab.jpg|date =20081218235629}}</ref><br />▼
[[File:Flag of the League of Arab States.svg|22px]] [[Liga Arab Liberation Army]]<br />▼
[[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|22px]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|Yemen]]<ref>{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/israel-inde.htm |title=Israeli War of Independence |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |accessdate=26 June 2010}}</ref><br />▼
<br>Foreign volunteers and irregulars:<br/>
▲[[File:Arab Revolt flag.svg|border|23px]] [[Holy War Army]]<br />
▲[[File:Flag of the League of Arab States.svg|22px]] [[Arab Liberation Army]]<br />
[[File:Muslim Brotherhood Emblem.jpg|22px]] [[Muslim Brotherhood]]<br/>
▲{{flag|Lebanon}}<ref name= Oren/><br />
{{flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]<ref>Benny Morris (2008), ''1948: A history of the first Arab-Israeli war''. pg. 332</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ovimagazine.com/art/5150 |title=The formation of Israel by The Ovi Team |publisher=Ovi Magazine |accessdate=26 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpexaminer.com/?p=23 |title=Lonely Israel |publisher=Gp Examiner |date=31 March 2010 |accessdate=26 June 2010}} {{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> <!--1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war By Benny Morris pg. 332; http://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA332&lpg=PA332&dq=1948+arab+israeli+war+%22sudanese+troops&source=bl&ots=wjmhfBD70b&sig=yVVob9926bG6SLvldCxX7ab0t6w&hl=en&ei=zHcOTKa-D8L68AaV2JH_CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false--><br />▼
▲[[File:Saudi Arabia Flag Variant (1938).svg|23px]] [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>Arab states against israel, 1948 -[http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e1/NYTimes_1948_Jews_in_Arab.jpg A map from New York Times including Mutawakkilite Yemen] {{Wayback|df=yes|url=http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e1/NYTimes_1948_Jews_in_Arab.jpg|date =20081218235629}}</ref><br />
{{flag|Pakistan}}<ref name="Moshe Yegar 2007">Moshe Yegar, "Pakistan and Israel," ''Jewish Political Studies Review'' 19:3–4 (Fall 2007)</ref>
▲[[File:Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg|22px]] [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|YemenYaman]]<ref>{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/israel-inde.htm |title=Israeli War of Independence |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |accessdate=26 June 2010}}</ref><br />
▲{{flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Anglo-Egyptian Mesir|Sudan]]<ref>Benny Morris (2008), ''1948: A history of the first Arab-Israeli war''. pg. 332</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ovimagazine.com/art/5150 |title=The formation of Israel by The Ovi Team |publisher=Ovi Magazine |accessdate=26 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpexaminer.com/?p=23 |title=Lonely Israel |publisher=Gp Examiner |date=31 March 2010 |accessdate=26 June 2010}} {{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref> <!--1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war By Benny Morris pg. 332; http://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA332&lpg=PA332&dq=1948+arab+israeli+war+%22sudanese+troops&source=bl&ots=wjmhfBD70b&sig=yVVob9926bG6SLvldCxX7ab0t6w&hl=en&ei=zHcOTKa-D8L68AaV2JH_CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false--><br />
| commander1 =
PoliticiansPolitikus :<br />
{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[David Ben-Gurion]]<br />
CommandersKomandan :<br />
{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Yisrael Galili]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Yaakov Dori]]<br />
Baris 51 ⟶ 49:
{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Shimon Avidan]]
| commander2 =
PoliticiansPolitikus : <br />
{{Flagicon|Arab League}} [[Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam|Azzam Pasha]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Abdullah I of Jordan|King Abdallah]]<br />
{{flagicon|Kingdom of Iraq}} [[Muzahim al-Pachachi]]<br />
[[File:Arab Revolt flagFlag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg|border|23px]] [[Haj Amin al-Husseini]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[King Farouk I]]<br />
{{flagicon|Syria|1932}} [[Husni al-Za'im]]
CommandersKomandan : <br />
{{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[John Bagot Glubb]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Habis al-Majali]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Arab League}} [[Fawzi Al-Qawuqji]]<br />
[[File:Arab Revolt flagFlag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg|border|23px]] [[Hasan Salama]] {{KIA}}<br />
{{Flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi]]<br />
{{Flagicon|Egypt|1922}} [[Muhammad Naguib]]
| strength1 = '''Israel''': 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by March 1949. This includes the entire military personnel count—both combat units and logistical units.
| strength2 = '''Egypt''': 10,000 initially, rising to 20,000<br />'''Iraq''': 3,000 initially, rising to 15,000–1818,000<br />'''Syria''': 2,500–55,000<br />'''Transjordan''': 8,000–1212,000<br />'''Lebanon''': 1,000<ref>Pollack, 2004; Sadeh, 1997</ref><br />'''Saudi Arabia''': 800–11,200<br />'''YemenYaman''': 300<br />'''Liga Arab Liberation Army''': 3,500–66,000
| casualties1 = 6,373 killedKIA (aboutsekitar 4,000 troopspasukan anddan 2,400 civilianspenduduk sipil.)▼
<small>These numbers include only the combat units sent to the former mandate-territory of Palestine, not the entire military strength.</small>
| casualties2 = 8,000<ref name="JVL Cas"/>–15,000 killedKIA<ref name="CC"/>▼
▲| casualties1=6,373 killed (about 4,000 troops and 2,400 civilians)
▲| casualties2=8,000<ref name="JVL Cas"/>–15,000 killed<ref name="CC"/>
|campaignbox={{Campaignbox 1948 Arab–Israeli War south}}
}}
[[Berkas:1948 Arab Israeli War - May 15-June 10.svg|thumb|300px|Serangan pada [[15 Mei]] – [[10 Juni]] [[1948]]]]
'''Perang Arab-Israel 1948''', atau disebut juga sebagai "Perang Kemerdekaan" ({{lang-he|מלחמת[[Bahasa העצמאות atauIbrani]]: מלחמת הקוממיות}}העצמאות) atau "Perang Pembebasan" {{lang-he|(Bahasa Ibrani: מלחמת השחרור}}) oleh orang Israel, adalah [[konflik bersenjata]] pertama dari serangkaian konflik yang terjadi antara [[Israel]] dan tetangga-tetangga [[Jazirah Arab|Arabnya]] dalam [[konflik Arab-Israel]]. Bagi orang-orang [[Palestina]], perang ini menandai awal dari rangkaian kejadian yang disebut sebagai "Bencana" ([[Bahasa Inggris]]: "''The Catastrophe''", [[Bahasa Arab]]: النكبة).▼
 
▲'''Perang Arab-Israel 1948''', atau disebut juga sebagai "Perang Kemerdekaan" ({{lang-he|מלחמת העצמאות atau מלחמת הקוממיות}} atau "Perang Pembebasan" {{lang-he|מלחמת השחרור}} oleh orang Israel, adalah [[konflik bersenjata]] pertama dari serangkaian konflik yang terjadi antara [[Israel]] dan tetangga-tetangga [[Jazirah Arab|Arabnya]] dalam [[konflik Arab-Israel]]. Bagi orang-orang [[Palestina]], perang ini menandai awal dari rangkaian kejadian yang disebut sebagai "Bencana" ([[Bahasa Inggris]]: "''The Catastrophe''", [[Bahasa Arab]]: النكبة).
 
Pada tahun [[1947]], [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] memutuskan untuk membagi wilayah [[Mandat Britania atas Palestina]]. Tetapi hal ini ditentang keras oleh negara-negara [[Timur Tengah]] lainnya dan juga banyak negeri-negeri [[Muslim]]. Kaum [[Yahudi]] mendapat 55% dari seluruh wilayah tanah meskipun hanya merupakan 30% dari seluruh penduduk di daerah ini. Sedangkan kota [[Yerusalem]] yang dianggap suci, tidak hanya oleh orang Yahudi tetapi juga orang Muslim dan [[Kristen]], akan dijadikan kota internasional.
 
Israel diproklamasikan pada tanggal [[14 Mei]] [[1948]] dan sehari kemudian langsung diserbu oleh tentara dari [[Lebanon]], [[Suriah]], [[Yordania]], [[Mesir]], [[Irak]] dan negara Arab lainnya. Tetapi Israel bisa memenangkan peperangan ini dan malah merebut kurang lebih 70% dari luas total wilayah daerah mandat PBB Britania Raya, Palestina. Perang ini menyebabkan banyak kaum Palestina mengungsi dari daerah Israel. Tetapi di sisi lain tidak kurang pula kaum Yahudi yang diusir dari negara-negara Arab lainnya.
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{geo-stub}}
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Arab-Israel_1948"