Wikipedia

Asam alkanoat: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 9:
Asam karboksilat dengan banyak atom karbon (berantai banyak) lebih umum disebut sebagai [[asam lemak]] karena sifat-sifat fisiknya.
 
==Penamaan dan contoh senyawa==
<!--
Nama-nama asam karboksilat dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini. Meskipun jarang digunakan, tapi nama [[IUPAC]] juga tetap ada. Misalnya, nama [[IUPAC]] untuk [[asam butirat]](C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H) adalah asam butanoat.<ref>Organic Chemistry IUPAC Nomenclature. Rules C-4 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_24.htm</ref>
Other carboxylic acids include:
 
[[karboksilat|Anion karboksilat]] R-COO<sup>–</sup> biasanya dinamai dengan akhiran ''-at'', jadi asam asetat, misalnya, menjadi ion asetat. Dalam [[tatanama IUPAC]], asam karboksilat mempunyai akhiran ''-oat'' (contoh asam oktadekanoat). Dalam tatanama derifat, akhirannya adalah ''-at'' saja (contoh [[asam stearat]]).
* Short-chain unsaturated monocarboxylic acids
** [[Acrylic acid]] (2-propenoic acid) – CH<sub>2</sub>=CHCOOH, used in polymer synthesis
* [[Fatty acid]]s – medium to long-chain saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, with even number of carbons
** [[Docosahexaenoic acid]] – nutritional supplement
** [[Eicosapentaenoic acid]] – nutritional supplement
 
{|class = "wikitable"
* [[Amino acid]]s – the building blocks of [[protein]]s
|+Rantai lurus, asam karboksilat tersaturasi
 
!Atom karbon
* [[Keto acids]] – acids of biochemical significance that contain a [[ketone]] group
!Nama derifat
** [[Acetoacetic acid]]
!Nama IUPAC
** [[Pyruvic acid]]
!Rumus molekul
 
!Biasanya terdapat pada
* [[Aromatic compound|Aromatic]] carboxylic acids
|-
** [[Benzoic acid]] – C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH; sodium benzoate, the sodium salt of benzoic acid is used as a food preservative
|1 || [[Asam format]] || Asam metanoat || HCOOH || Gigitan serangga
** [[Mandelic acid]] - an alpha hydroxy type
|-
** [[Salicylic acid]] – a beta hydroxy type found in many skin care products
|2 || [[Asam asetat]] || Asam etanoat || CH<sub>3</sub>COOH || [[Cuka]]
* [[Dicarboxylic acid]]s – containing two carboxyl groups
|-
** [[Adipic acid]] – the monomer used to produce [[nylon]]
|3 || [[Asam propionat]] || Asam propanoat || CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH || Pengawet pada gandum
** [[Aldaric acid]] – a family of sugar acids
|-
** [[Fumaric acid]]
|4 || [[Asam butirat]] || Asam butanoat
** [[Glutaric acid]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>COOH || Mentega basi
** [[Maleic acid]]
|-
** [[Malic acid]] – found in apples
|5 || [[Asam valerat]] || Asam pentanoat
** [[Malonic acid]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COOH || [[Valerian (herb)|Valerian]]
** [[Oxalic acid]] – found in many foods
|-
** [[Succinic acid]] – a component of the [[citric acid cycle]]
|6 || Asam kaproat || [[Asam heksanoat]]
** [[Tartronic acid]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>COOH || Lemak kambing
* [[Tricarboxylic acid]]s – containing three carboxyl groups
|-
** [[Citric acid]] – found in [[citrus fruit]]s
|7 || Asam enantoat || [[Asam heptanoat]]
** [[Isocitric acid]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>COOH ||
** [[Aconitic acid]]
|-
** [[Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid]] (tricarballylic acid, carballylic acid)
|8 || [[Asam kaprilat]] || Asam oktanoat
* [[Alpha hydroxy acid]]s – containing a hydroxy group
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>COOH || Kelapa dan air susu ibu
** Glyceric acid
|-
** [[Glycolic acid]]
|9 || Asam pelargonoat || [[Asam nonanoat]]
** [[Lactic acid]] (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) – found in sour milk
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>COOH || [[Pelargonium]]
** [[Tartaric acid]] - found in wine
|-->
|10 || Asam kaprat || [[Asam dekanoat]]
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>COOH ||
|-
|12 || [[Asam laurat]] || Asam dodekanoat
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>COOH || Coconut oil and hand wash soaps.
|-
|14 || [[Myristic acid]] || Tetradecanoic acid
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>COOH || Nutmeg
|-
|16 || [[Palmitic acid]] || Hexadecanoic acid
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>14</sub>COOH || Palm oil
|-
|18 || [[Stearic acid]] || Octadecanoic acid
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>16</sub>COOH || Chocolate, waxes, soaps, and oils
|-
|20 || [[Arachidic acid]] || Icosanoic acid
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>18</sub>COOH || Peanut oil
|}
 
== Lihat pula ==
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_alkanoat"