Irlandia Utara: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Irlandia Utara''' ({{lang-ga|Tuaisceart Éireann}}, [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster Scots]]: ''Norlin Airlann'' atau ''Norlin Airlan'') adalah salah satu negara bagian [[Britania Raya]].<ref name=UKStatisticsAuthorityGeographyOfTheUK>{{cite web
|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp
|title=Negara Bagian di Britania Raya
|publisher=[[Otoritas Statistik Britania Raya]]
|work=statistics.gov.uk – geografi – panduan awal geografi Britania Raya
|date=11 November 2005
|accessdate=11 November 2009
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5lClXN00l
|archivedate=11 November 2009
|quote=The top-level division of administrative geography in the UK is the 4 countries – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
}}</ref><ref name=Number10CountriesWithinACountry>{{cite web
|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823
|title=negara di dalam negara
|publisher=Kantor [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]]
|work=Number10.gov.uk
|date=10 January 2003
|accessdate=11 November 2009
|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5lClWk7P7
|archivedate=11 November 2009
|quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland...Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a devolved legislative Assembly and a power sharing Executive made up of ministers from four political parties representing different traditions.
}}</ref> Terletak di timur-laut [[Pulau Irlandia]], Irlandia Utara berbagi [[perbatasan]] dengan Republik Irlandia di selatan dan barat. Menurut [[Sensus Britania Raya 2001]], populasi Irlandia Utara adalah sebanyak 1.685.000 jiwa, yakni kira-kira 30% keseluruhan populasi pulau ini dan kira-kira 3% [[populasi Britania Raya]].
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Northern Ireland consists of [[Counties of Northern Ireland|six]] of the nine counties of the Irish [[Provinces of Ireland|province]] of [[Ulster]]. It was [[Partition of Ireland|created]] as a distinct [[Administrative geography of the United Kingdom|division of the United Kingdom]] on 3 May 1921 under the [[Government of Ireland Act 1920]],<ref>Statutory Rules & Orders published by authority, 1921 (No. 533); Additional source for 3 May 1921 date: Alvin Jackson, ''Home Rule – An Irish History'', Oxford University Press, 2004, p198.</ref> though its constitutional roots lie in the 1800 [[Act of Union 1800|Act of Union]] between Great Britain and Ireland. For over 50 years it had its own [[devolved government|devolved]] [[Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland|government]] and [[Parliament of Northern Ireland|parliament]]. These institutions were [[Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972|suspended in 1972]] and abolished in 1973. Repeated attempts to restore self-government finally resulted in the [[Northern Ireland Act 1998|establishment in 1998]] of the present-day [[Northern Ireland Executive]] and [[Northern Ireland Assembly]]. The Assembly operates on [[consociational democracy]] principles requiring cross-community support.
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict—[[the Troubles]]—which was caused by divisions between [[Nationalists (Ireland)|nationalists]], who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and [[Unionism in Ireland|unionists]], who are predominantly Protestant, which has been the most prevalent religion. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom,<ref>[http://www.uup.org/policy/standing-up-for-northern-ireland/index.php Standing up for Northern Ireland]{{dead link|date=October 2011}} www.uup.org. Retrieved 2 August 2008.</ref> while nationalists wish for it to be [[United Ireland|politically united]] with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule.<ref>Richard Jenkin, 1997, ''Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations'', SAGE Publicatoins: London: "In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government."</ref><ref>Peter Dorey, 1995, ''British politics since 1945'', Blackwell Publishers: Oxford: "Just as some Nationalists have been prepared to use violence in order to secure Irish reunification, so some Unionists have been prepared to use violence in order to oppose it."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sinnfein.ie/policies/document/155 |title=Strategy Framework Document: Reunification through Planned Integration: Sinn Féin’s All Ireland Agenda |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060716075752/http://www.sinnfein.ie/policies/document/155 |archivedate=16 July 2006}} Sinn Fein. Retrieved 2 August 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.sdlp.ie/policy_details.php?id=78 Policy Summaries: Constitutional Issues]{{Dead link|date=July 2010}} SDLP. Retrieved 2 August 2008.</ref> Since the signing of the "[[Belfast Agreement|Good Friday Agreement]]" in 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
Owing to its unique history, the issue of the symbolism, [[#Variations in geographic nomenclature|name and description]] of Northern Ireland is complex, as is the issue of [[#Citizenship and identity|citizenship and identity]]. In general, unionists consider themselves British and nationalists see themselves as Irish, though these identities are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Additionally, many people from both sides of the community consider themselves as ''Northern Irish''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ark.ac.uk/nilt/2010/Community_Relations/NINATID.html |title=Which of these best describes the way you think of yourself? |year=2011 |work=Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey |accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref>
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== Beberapa fakta ==
Ketika Irlandia (Selatan) memerdekakan diri dari [[Britania Raya]] pada tahun 1920, penduduk Irlandia Utara yang sebagian besar beragama [[Protestan]] dan masih setia terhadap Kerajaan Britania Raya memilih tetap menjadi bagian negara kesatuan Britania Raya. Mereka disebut kaum Unionis sedangkan orang dari Irlandia Selatan disebut kaum Nasionalis. Tetapi permasalahan tidak berhenti di sini tetapi berlanjut terus, sebab orang-orang yang beragama [[Katolik]] di Irlandia Utara merasa didiskriminasi. Kerusuhan yang dinamai "The Troubles" mulai dari tahun [[1969]].
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