Revisi per 5 Mei 2011 11.42 sunting Reindra (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau 15.568 suntingan rintisan		Revisi per 7 Mei 2011 10.14 sunting balikkan Reindra (bicara \| kontrib) Peninjau 15.568 suntingan melanjutkan Revisi selanjutnya →
Baris 1: {{inuse}} '''Alexander Dalrymple''' ({{lahirmati\|\|24\|7\|1737\|\|19\|6\|1808}}) adalah [[ahli geografi]] asal [[Skotlandia]] dan [[ahli hidrografi]] pertama [[Angkatan Laut Britania Raya]]. Dia adalah pendukung teori yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat [[benua]] yang luas dan belum ditemukan di [[Samudra Pasifik\|Pasifik Selatan]], [[Terra Australis\|Terra Australis Incognita]]. Dia menghasilkan ribuan diagram nautika yang memetakan sejumlah laut dan samudra untuk kali pertama dan berperan penting bagi keamanan pelayaran shipping. Teorinya menghantarkan sejumlah ekspedisi dalam pencarian tanah mitos ini, hingga penjelajahan kedua [[James Cook]] (1772–1775) mengarah pada kesimpulan yang diharapkan, jika memang ada, pastilah ia lebih selatan daripada [[65 derajat lintang selatan\|65° LS]]. <!--▼ Dalrymple was born at New Hailes, near [[Edinburgh]], the seventh of sixteen children of Sir James Dalrymple and his wife the daughter of the [[Earl of Haddington]]. He went to [[London]] in 1752 and was appointed a writer in the [[British East India Company]], being first posted to [[Madras]]. While with the EIC he became interested in the possibilities of trade with the East Indies and China and subsequently negotiated a treaty with the sultan of [[Sultanate of Sulu\|Sulu]] and visited [[Canton (province), China\|Canton]] at the age of only 22. In 1765 he returned to London where was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society]]. There he became acquainted with [[John Smeaton]], who during the course of his studies on windmills had devised a descriptive scale for grading wind speed. This scale was included in the paper for which he was awarded the [[Copley Medal]]. In ''Defining the Wind: The Beaufort Scale and How a 19th-Century Admiral Turned Science into Poetry'' author Scott Huler relates that Dalrymple's voyages had convinced him that a standard scale for measuring the speed of wind at sea would be of great value to sailors, and that he had included Smeaton's scale in his work ''Practical Navigation'', which was written around 1790 but never published. It is believed that Dalrymple conveyed this information to [[Francis Beaufort]] who later refined the wind scale that bears his name and that is still in use today. Dalrymple dilahirkan di New Hailes, dekat [[Edinburgh]], anak ke-7 dari 16 bersaudara, putera dari Sir James Dalrymple dan isterinya yang merupakan puteri dari [[Earl dari Haddington]]. Dia pergi ke [[London]] pada tahun 1752 dan diangkat menjadi seorang penulis di [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania]] (EIC), yang pertama dikirim ke [[Madras]]. Ketika menyertai EIC dia tertarik dengan kemungkinan perdagangan dengan Hindia Timur dan Cina dan secara beruntun merundingkan sebuat traktat dengan Sultan [[Kesultanan Sulu\|Sulu]] dan mengunjungi [[Guangdong\|Kanton]] semasih berusia 22 tahun. Pada tahun 1765 dia kembali ke London di mana dia terpilih sebagai anggota [[Royal Society]]. Di sana dia menjadi akrab dengan [[John Smeaton]], yang selama masa penelitiannya terhadap kincir angin dan merancang skala deskriptif untuk mengelompokkan laju angin. Skala ini disertakan ke dalam makalah itu, sehingga dia dianugerahi [[Copley Medal]]. Dalam ''Mendefinisikan Angin: Skala Beaufort dan Bagaimana seorang Laksamana Abad ke-19 beralih dari Ilmu Pengetahuan ke Puisi'', sang penulis, Scott Huler menghubungkan bahwa pelayaran yang dilakukan Dalrymple telah meyakinkannya bahwa skala baku untuk mengukur laju angin di laut akan menjadi hal yang sangat berharga bagi para pelaut, dan bahwa dia telah menyertakan skala Smeaton di dalam karyanya ''Ilmu Pelayaran Praktis'', yang ditulis sekitar tahun 1790 tetapi tidak pernah diterbitkan. Diyakini bahwa Dalrymple menyampaikan informasi ini kepada [[Francis Beaufort]] yang kemudian menyempurnakan skala angin yang mengabadikan namanya dan skala itu masih digunakan hingga kini. ▲<!-- Whilst translating some Spanish documents captured in the [[Philippines]] in 1752 Dalrymple had found [[Luis Váez de Torres]] testimony proving a passage south of [[New Guinea]] now known as [[Torres Strait]]. This discovery led Dalrymple to publish the ''Historical Collection of the Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean'' in 1770-1771 which aroused widespread interest in his claim of the existence of an unknown continent. This led Captain Cook to undertake another voyage into the South Pacific. He was bitterly disappointed that it was Captain Cook and not him who was appointed commander of the expedition which eventually led in 1770 to the British discovery and charting of the Eastern coastline of Australia.

Alexander Dalrymple: Perbedaan antara revisi