Magnoliid: Perbedaan antara revisi

| unranked_classis = '''Magnoliidae'''

| unranked_classis_authority = Novák ex [[Takht.]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Takhtajan | first=A. | year=1967 | title= Система и филогения цветкорых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum) | location=Moscow | publisher=Nauka }}</ref> [W.S. Judd, P.S. Soltis & D.E. Soltis]<ref name="Cantino"/>

| subdivision =

[[Canellales]]<br />

Kompleks magnoliid (Magnoliidae) mencakup banyak tumbuhan dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi, baik sebagai sumber pangan, bahan pengobatan, parfum, produk perkayuan, maupun penghias lingkungan, untuk menyebut beberapa di antaranya.

 

[[Image:Persea americana 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Apokat]] dibudidayakan di Amerika sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu.]]

Beberapa magnoliid menjadi bahan [[pangan]] dan [[rempah-rempah]]:

* Jenis-jenis ''[[Annona]]'', seperti [[sirsak]], [[srikaya]], dan [[cerimoya]]<ref name="Heywood">{{cite book | last=Heywood | first=V. H. (ed.) | year=1993 | title= Flowering Plants of the World | edition= updated | location=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-521037-9 | pages=pp 27–42 }}</ref>

* [[Pala]], juga menjadi [[obat|bahan pengobatan]] dan [[halusinogen]]

 

 

Not all the effects of chemical compounds in the Magnoliidae are detrimental. In previous centuries, sailors would use Winter's Bark from the [[South America]]n tree ''[[Drimys winteri]]'' to ward off the vitamin-deficieny of [[scurvy]].<ref name="Heywood"/> Today, [[benzoyl]] is extracted from ''[[Lindera benzoin]]'' (common spicebush) for use as a food additive and skin medicine, due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.<ref>{{cite book | last=Zomlefer | first=Wendy B. | year=1994 | title= Guide to Flowering Plant Families | location=Chapel Hill | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | isbn=0-8078-2160-8 | pages=pp 29–39 }}</ref> Drugs extracted from the bark of ''[[Magnolia]]'' have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Scientific investigation of [[magnolol]] and [[honokiol]] have shown promise for their use in dental health. Both compounds demonstrate effective anti-bacterial activity against the bacteria responsible for [[halitosis|bad breath]] and [[dental caries]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=Greenberg | first=M | coauthors=P. Urnezis, M. Tian | year=2007 | title=Compressed mints and chewing gum containing magnolia bark extract are effective against bacteria responsible for oral malodor | journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume=55 | issue=23 | pages=9465–9469 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17949053 | doi=10.1021/jf072122h }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Chang | first=B | coauthors=Lee Y, Ku Y, Bae K, Chung C. | year=1998 | title=Antimicrobial activity of magnolol and honokiol against periodontopathic microorganisms | journal=Planta Medica | volume=64 | issue=4 | pages=367–369 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9619121 | doi=10.1055/s-2006-957453 }}</ref> Several members of the family [[Annonaceae]] are also under investigation for uses of a group of chemicals called [[acetogenin]]s. The first acetogenin discovered was [[uvaricin]], which has anti-[[leukemic]] properties when used in living organisms. Other acetogenins have been discovered with anti-[[malaria]]l and anti-tumor properties, and some even inhibit [[HIV]] replication in laboratory studies.<ref name="Pilar">{{cite book | last = Pilar Rauter | first = Amélia | coauthors = A. F. Dos Santos and A. E. G. Santana | title = Natural Products in the New Millennium: Prospects and Industrial Application | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=4rrC7c_6OUoC&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | format = HTML | year = 2002 | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]] | isbn = 1402010478 | pages = 540 pages | chapter = Toxicity of Some species of ''Annona'' Toward ''Artemia Salina'' Leach and ''Biomphalaria Glabrata'' Say | chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=4rrC7c_6OUoC&pg=PA264&lpg=PA264&source=web&ots=GVwQsxA_oK&sig=9U5mL2oGo14l_K6XnC8wb8k1a_M&hl=en | accessdate = 2008-07-12 }}</ref>

 

Many magnoliid species produce [[essential oil]]s in their leaves, bark, or wood. The tree ''[[Virola surinamensis]]'' (Brazilian "nutmeg") contains [[trimyristin]], which is extracted in the form of a fat and used in [[soap]]s and [[candle]]s, as well as in [[shortening]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | last= Pereira Pinto | first=Gerson | year=1951 | title= Contribuição ao estudo químico do Sêbo de Ucuúba | journal=Boletim Técnico do Instituto Agronômico do Norte | volume=23 | pages=1–63 }}</ref> Other fragrant volatile oils are extracted from ''[[Aniba rosaeodora]]'' ([[bois-de-rose oil]]), ''[[Cinnamomum porrectum]]'', ''[[Cinnamomum cassia]]'', and ''[[Litsea odorifera]]'' for scenting soaps.<ref>{{cite journal | last= Kostermans | first= A. J. G. H. | year=1957 | title=Lauraceae | journal=Communication of the Forest Research Institute, Indonesia | volume=57 | pages=1–64 }}</ref> [[Perfume]]s also are made from some of these oils; [[ylang-ylang]] comes from the flowers of ''[[Cananga odorata]]'', and is used by [[Arab]] and [[Swahili]] women.<ref name="Heywood"/> A compound called [[nutmeg butter]] is produced from the same tree as the spice of that name, but the sweet-smelling "butter" is used in perfumery or as a [[lubricant]] rather than as a food.

==Lihat pula==

* [[Eudicots]]