Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k r2.7.1) (bot Menambah: en:Battle of the Hydaspes |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 1:
{{Infobox Military Conflict
|image=[[Berkas:The phalanx attacking the centre in the battle of the Hydaspes by Andre Castaigne (1898-1899).jpg|250px]]
|caption=Lukisan oleh [[Andre Castaigne]] yang menggambarkan [[Formasi phalanx|phalanx]] menyerang pusat barisan pada Pertempuran Hydaspes
|conflict='''Pertempuran Hydaspes'''|partof= [[Perang Aleksander yang Agung]]
|date=Mei [[326 SM]]
|place= [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], dekat [[Sungai Jhelum|Sungai Hydaspes]].
|result=Kemenangan [[Makedonia]].<ref>Fuller, hlm 198 <br>{{quote|"While the battle raged, Craterus forced his way over the Haranpur ford. When he saw that Alexander was winning a brilliant victory he pressed on and, as his men were fresh, took over the pursuit."}}</ref><ref>Fuller, pg 181 {{quote|"Among the many battles fought by invaders who entered the plains of India from the north-west, the first recorded in history is the battle of the Hydaspes, and in [[David George Hogarth|Hogarth's]] opinion, when coupled with the crossing of the river, together they 'rank among the most brilliant operations in warfare'."}}</ref>
|territory=Aleksander menguasai Punjab.
|combatant1=[[Makedonia|Kekaisaran Makedonia]]<br>sekutu [[Yunani kuno|Yunani]]<br>sekutu [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Persia]] <br>sekutu [[Sejarah India|India]]
|combatant2=[[Paurava]]
|commander1=[[Aleksander yang Agung]],<br>[[Krateros]],<br>lainnya tidak diketahui|
|commander2=[[Puru (abad ke-4 SM)|Raja Puru]],<br>lainnya tidak diketahui|
|strength1=34,000 [[infantri]],<br>7,000 [[kavaleri]].<ref>According to Arrian [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5a.asp 5.14], 6,000 foot and 5,000 horse were under Alexander's command in the battle.</ref><ref>Fuller estimates a further 2,000 cavalry under Craterus' command.</ref>
|strength2=20,000,<ref name=Plutarch621>Plutarch 62.1:
<br>{{quote|"But this last combat with Porus took off the edge of the [[Ancient Macedonians|Macedonian]]s' courage, and stayed their further progress into India. For having found it hard enough to defeat an enemy who brought but twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse into the field, they thought they had reason to oppose Alexander's design of leading them on to pass the Ganges, too, which they were told was thirty-two furlongs broad and a fathom deep, and the banks on the further side covered with multitudes of enemies."}}</ref> 30,000<ref name="Arrian 5.15">Arrian, [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5a.asp 5.15]</ref> atau 50,000<ref name="Diodorus 17.87.2">Diodorus, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0084%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D87%3Asection%3D2 17.87.2]</ref> [[infantri]], <br>2,000 <ref name=Plutarch621/> - 4,000<ref name="Arrian 5.15" /> [[kavaleri]], <br>200,<ref name="Arrian 5.15" /> 130<ref name="Diodorus 17.87.2"/> ("yang paling mungkin" menurut Green),<ref>Green, [http://books.google.com/books?id=ouf47It6_wgC&pg=PA553 p. 553]</ref> or 85<ref>Curtius 8.13.6; Metz Epitome 54 (following Curtius)</ref> [[gajah perang]], <br>1,000 [[kereta perang]].<ref name=Plutarch605>Plutarch 60.5</ref>
|casualties1= 80<ref name="Arrian 5.18">Arrian, [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5b.asp 5.18]</ref> - 700<ref name="Diodorus 17.89.3">Diodorus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0084%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D89%3Asection%3D3 17.89.3]</ref><ref name = "Fuller 199"> According to Fuller, pg 199, "Diodorus' figures appear more realistic."</ref> infantri, <br> 230<ref name="Arrian 5.18" /> - 280<ref name="Diodorus 17.89.3" /> kavaleri terbunuh.
|casualties2=12,000 terbunuh and 9,000 ditawan,<ref name="Diodorus 17.89.1-2">Diodorus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0084%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D89%3Asection%3D1 17.89.1-2]</ref> atau 23,000 terbunuh,<ref name="Arrian 5.18" /> termasuk [[gajah perang]] dan prajurit [[kereta perang]].|
}}
'''Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes''' adalah pertempuran antara [[Aleksander yang Agung]] melawan Raja [[Puru (abad ke-4 SM)|Puru]] pada [[326 SM]] di tepian [[Sungai Jhelum|Sungai Hydaspes]] (Jhelum) di daerah [[Punjab]] dekat [[Bhera]] ([[Pakistan]] modern). Kerajaan [[Paurava]] yang dipimpin oleh Raja Puru terletak di [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punja]]. Pertempuran ini adalah pertempuran besar terakhir yang dilakukan oleh Aleksander.<ref>Peter Connolly. ''Greece and Rome At War''. Macdonald Phoebus Ltd, 1981, hlm. 66</ref> Raja Puru dan pasukannya melawan pasukan Aleksander dengan sengit dan keras. Aleksander bahkan merasa kagum pada pasukan Raja Puru yang gagah berani.<ref>Fuller, hlm. 198.</ref>
Baris 4 ⟶ 22:
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Referensi ==
=== Kuno ===
*[[Diodoros Sikolos]] (90-30 SM). ''Bibliotheka Historika''.
*[[Quintus Curtius Rufus]] (60-70 SM). ''Historiae Alexandri Magni''.
*[[Plutarch]] (75 SM). ''[http://www.siu.edu/~dfll/classics/Civ2004/alia/alexander.pdf The Life of Alexander the Great], [[Parallel Lives]]''.
*[[Arrian]] (awal abad ke-2 M).
*Metz Epitome.
=== Modern ===
*[[J. F. C. Fuller|Fuller, John]] (1960). ''The Generalship of Alexander the Great. New Jersey: De Capo Press''. ISBN 978-0306803710
*[[Peter Green (historian)|Green, Peter]] (1974). ''Alexander of Macedon: A Historical Biography''. ISBN 978-0520071667
*Harbottle, Thomas Benfield (1906). ''Dictionary of Battles''. New York.
*Rogers, Guy (2004). ''Alexander: The Ambiguity of Greatness. New York: Random House''.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hydaspes, Pertempuran}}
| |||