Daftar istilah musik: Perbedaan antara revisi

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* '''a''', '''à''' (Fr): at, to, by, for, in, in the style of

* '''a 2''': see '''a due''' in this list

* '''avec''' (Fr): with or with another

 

* '''B''' (Ger): B flat in [[German language|German]] (and [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]); B natural is called '''H'''

* '''barbaro''': barbarous (notably used in ''[[Allegro barbaro]]'' by [[Béla Bartók]])

* '''bruscamente''': brusquely

 

* '''[[cadenza]]''': a solo section, usually in a [[concerto]] or similar work, that is used to display the performer's technique, sometimes at considerable length

* '''calando''': falling away, or lowering; i.e., getting slower and quieter; ritardando along with diminuendo

* '''[[cut time]]''': Same as the [[meter (musik)|meter]] 2/2: two half-note (minim) beats per measure. Notated and executed like [[common time]] (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. Indicated by three quarters of a circle with a vertical line through it, which resembles the cent symbol ''''¢''''. This comes from a literal cut of the ''''C'''' symbol of [[common time]]. Thus, a [[quarter note]] in cut time is only half a beat long, and a measure has only two beats. See also [[alla breve]].

 

* '''da capo''': from the head; i.e., from the beginning (see '''capo''' in this list)

* '''D.S.S. al coda''' or '''dal segno al coda''': same as D.S. al coda, but with a double segno

* '''D.S.S. al fine''' or '''dal segno al fine''': from the double sign to the end; i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see D.S. al coda) and continue to the end of the piece

* '''[[dynamics (musik)|dynamics]]''': refers to the relative volumes in the execution of a piece of music

 

* '''e''' (Ital.): and

* '''eco''': the [[Italian language|Italian]] word for "echo"; an effect in which a group of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different octave, to create an echo effect

* '''etwas''' (Ger): somewhat

 

* '''facile''': easily, without fuss

* '''fall''': jazz term describing a note of definite pitch sliding downwards to another note of definite pitch.

* '''festivamente''': cheerfully, celebratory

* '''fieramente''': proudly

* '''fine''': the end, often in phrases like '''al fine''' (to the end)

* '''flat''': a symbol (<big>♭</big>) that lowers the pitch of a note by a semitone. The term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a singer or musician is performing a note in which the intonation is an eighth or a quarter of a semitone too low.

* '''furioso''': furiously

 

*'''G.P.''': Grand Pause; indicates to the performers that the entire ensemble has a rest of indeterminate length, often as a dramatic effect during a loud section

* '''gaudioso''': with joy

* '''gustoso''': with happy emphasis and forcefulness

 

* '''H''' (Ger): B natural in [[German language|German]]; '''B''' means B flat

* '''Hauptstimme''' (Ger): "head" voice, chief part; i.e., the contrapuntal line of primary importance, in opposition to '''Nebenstimme'''

* '''[[Homophony]]''': A musical texture with one voice (or melody line) accompanied by chords; also used as an adjective (homophonic). Compare with [[polyphony]], in which several voices or melody lines are performed at the same time.

 

*'''ignore changes ''': a jazz term used in 1950s and 1960s-era avant-garde and [[free jazz]] (e.g., Ornette Coleman) which instructs a soloist to improvise without following the chord changes being used by the [[rhythm section]] instruments.

* '''immer''' (Ger): always

* '''irato''': angrily

 

* '''keyboardist''' (Eng) : a musician who plays any instrument with a keyboard.

* '''kräftig''' (Ger): strongly

* '''Klangfarbenmelodie''' (Ger): "tone-color-melody", distribution of pitch or melody among instruments, varying timbre

 

* '''lacrimoso''': tearfully; i.e., sadly

* '''laissez vibrer, l.v.''': allow the sound to continue, do not damp; used frequently in harp music, occasionally in piano or percussion. For percussion & electric guitar, '''"let ring"''' is more common.<ref name=Collins/>

* '''lusingando''': coaxingly

 

* '''ma''': but

* '''ma non troppo''': but not too much

* '''muta [in...]''': Change: either a change of instrument, e.g. flute to piccolo, horn in F to horn in Bb; or a change of tuning, e.g. guitar '''muta 6 in D'''. Note: does ''not'' mean "mute", for which '''[[con sordina]]''' or '''[[con sordino]]''' is used.<ref name=Collins/>

 

* '''narrante''': narratingly

* '''natural''': a symbol (<big>♮</big>) that cancels the effect of a sharp or a flat (see in this list)

* '''notturno''': same as '''nocturne''' (see above)

 

* '''obbligato''': required, indispensable

* '''[[octave]]''': interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.

* '''ottava''': octave; e.g. '''ottava bassa''': an octave lower

 

* '''parlando''' or '''parlante''': like speech, enunciated

* '''Partitur''' (Ger): full orchestral score

* '''primo''' or '''prima''' (the feminine form): first

 

*'''quarter tone''': Half of a semitone; a pitch division not used in most Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental music. Quarter tones are used in Western popular music forms such as jazz and blues and in a variety of non-Western musical cultures.

* '''quasi''' (Latin and Italian): as if, almost, e.g. '''quasi recitativo''' like a [[recitative]] in an opera, or '''quasi una fantasia''' like a [[Fantasia (musik)|fantasia]]

 

* '''rallentando''' or '''rall.''': Broadening of the tempo (often not discernible from ritardando); progressively slower

* '''rapido''': fast

* '''ruvido''': roughly

 

* '''saltando''': bouncing the bow as in a staccato arpeggio, literally means "jumping"

* '''sanft''' (Ger): gently

* '''[[scordatura]]''': out of tune; i.e., an alternative [[Musical tuning|tuning]] used for the [[string (musik)|strings]] of a [[string instrument]]

* '''secco''', or '''sec''' (Fr): dry

* '''[[segue]]''': carry on to the next section without a pause

* '''sehr''' (Ger): very

* '''sul tasto''': on the fingerboard; i.e., in string playing, an indication to [[bow (musik)|bow]] (or sometimes to [[pizzicato|pluck]]) over the [[fingerboard]]; the opposite of '''sul ponticello'''. Playing over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone.

 

* '''[[tacet]]''': silent; do not play

* '''[[tempo (musik)|tempo]]''': time; i.e., the overall speed of a piece of music

* '''[[tutti]]''': all; i.e., all together, usually used in an orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come in at the same time, also seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of music, after one instrument has broken off to play a more advanced form: they both play together again at the point marked '''tutti'''. See also: '''[[ripieno]]'''.

 

* '''un''', '''uno''', or '''una''': one, as for example in the following entries

* '''una corda''': one string; i.e., in [[piano]] music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and reducing the volume of, the sound. In some pianos, this literally results in the hammer striking one string rather than two or three. (For most notes on modern instruments, in fact it results in striking two rather than three strings.) Its counterpart, '''tre corde''' (three strings; see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released.

* '''ut''' (Fr): first note of the series ut,re,mi,fa,sol,la,si, in fixed-doh solmization. (See [[Solfège]]).

 

* '''veloce''': with velocity

* '''velocissimo''': as quickly as possible; usually applied to a [[cadenza]]-like passage or run

* '''V.S.''' ('''volti subito'''): turn suddenly; i.e., turn the page quickly. While this indication is sometimes added by printers, it is more commonly indicated by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next page.

 

* '''wenig''' (Ger): a little, not much

* '''wolno''' (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in ''The Elephant'' from [[The Carnival of the Animals]] by [[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]]

 

 

* '''Zählzeit''' (Ger): beat