Perang Saudara Amerika: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| place = [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Samudra Atlantik]]
| result = Kemenangan [[Negara Utara|Union]] {{bulleted list|Pembubaran [[Konfederasi Amerika|Konfederasi]]|Integritas wilayah AS dipertahankan|[[Perbudakan di Amerika Serikat|Perbudakan]] dihapuskan|Awal dari [[Era Rekonstruksi]]|Pengesahan dan ratifikasi [[Amandemen Rekonstruksi|amandemen ke-13, ke-14, dan ke-15]] [[Undang-Undang Dasar Amerika Serikat|Konstitusi Amerika Serikat]]}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|United States|1861}} ([[Negara Utara|Union]])
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}} (Konfederasi)
| commander1 = {{flagicon|United States|1861}} [[Abraham Lincoln]]{{Assassinated|Pembunuhan Abraham Lincoln}}<br />{{flagicon|United States|1861}} [[Ulysses S. Grant]]<br />''[[Kepemimpinan militer dalam Perang Saudara Amerika|dan lainnya...]]''
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Confederate States of America|1861}} [[Jefferson Davis]]<br />{{flagicon|Confederate States of America|1861}} [[Robert E. Lee]]<br />''[[Kepemimpinan militer dalam Perang Saudara Amerika|dan lainnya...]]''
| strength1 = 2.200.000<ref name="strength" group=lower-alpha>Jumlah total yang melayani</ref><br />698.000 (puncak)<ref name="nps.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/facts.htm|title=Facts|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oocities.org/littlegreenmen.geo/UASize.htm "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War"]: Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.</ref>
| strength2 = 750.000–1.000.000<ref name="strength" group=lower-alpha /><ref>Long, E. B. ''The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865.'' Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. {{OCLC|68283123}}. p. 705.</ref><br />360.000 (puncak)<ref name="nps.gov"/><ref>[http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;q1=abstract;rgn=full%20text;idno=waro0128;didno=waro0128;view=image;seq=0542 "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2"], United States War Dept., 1900.</ref>
| casualties1 = {{plainlist|
*110.000+ {{KIA}}/{{DOW}}
*230.000+ tewas akibat kecelakaan/penyakit<ref name="civilwarhome.com">Fox, William F. [http://www.civilwarhome.com/foxspref.html Regimental losses in the American Civil War] (1889).</ref><ref name="Official DOD data">{{Cite web|url=https://dcas.dmdc.osd.mil/dcas/pages/report_principal_wars.xhtml|title=DCAS Reports – Principal Wars, 1775 – 1991|website=dcas.dmdc.osd.mil}}</ref>
*25.000–30.000 tewas di penjara Konfederasi<ref name="nps.gov"/><ref name="civilwarhome.com" />
'''Total Kematian 365.000+{{sfn|Chambers|Anderson|1999|p=849}}'''
*282.000+ terluka<ref name="Official DOD data" />
*181.193 ditangkap<ref name="nps.gov"/>{{Better source needed|date=Oktober 2016}}{{Efn|211.411 tentara Union ditangkap, dan 30.218 tewas di penjara. Mereka yang tewas telah dikecualikan untuk mencegah penghitungan ganda korban}}}}
'''Total: 828.000+ korban'''
| casualties2 = {{plainlist|
*94.000+ {{KIA}}/{{DOW}}<ref name="civilwarhome.com" />
*26.000–31.000 tewas di penjara Union<ref name="Official DOD data" />
'''Total kematian 290.000+'''
*137.000+ terluka
*436.658 ditangkap<ref name="nps.gov"/>{{Better source needed|date=Oktober 2016}}{{Efn|462.634 tentara Konfederasi ditangkap, and 25.976 tewas di penjara. Mereka yang meninggal telah dikecualikan untuk mencegah penghitungan ganda korban.}}}}
'''Total: 864.000+ korban'''
| casualties3 = {{plainlist|
*50.000 warga sipil bebas tewas<ref name="StatsWarCost" />
*80.000+ budak tewas (penyakit)<ref>Professor James Downs. [https://blog.oup.com/2012/04/black-white-demographic-death-toll-civil-war/ "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War"]. University of Connecticut, April 13, 2012. "The rough 19th-century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating Black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of Black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.</ref>
*'''Total: 616.222<ref>Toward a Social History of the American Civil War Exploratory Essays, Cambridge University Press, 1990, page 4.</ref>–1.000.000+ tewas'''<ref name="recounting" /><ref>Professor James Downs. "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13, 2012. "A 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ...".</ref>}}
}}
'''Perang Saudara Amerika''' (1861–1865), juga dikenal sebagai '''Perang Antar Negara Bagian''' (lihat [[Penamaan Perang Saudara Amerika|nama-nama lain]]), adalah sebuah [[perang saudara]] di [[Amerika Serikat]] antara negara bagian di Utara (yang pro persatuan, disebut [[Negara Utara|Persatuan]]) dengan negara bagian di Selatan (yang mengumumkan [[pemisahan]] dari Amerika Serikat dan membentuk [[Konfederasi Amerika]] atau dikenal sebagai kubu "[[Konfederasi Amerika|Konfederasi]]"). Dipimpin oleh [[Jefferson Davis]], pihak [[Konfederasi Amerika|Konfederasi]] memperjuangkan kemerdekaannya dari [[Amerika Serikat]].
Baris 98 ⟶ 124:
== Referensi ==
===Catatan===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
===Kutipan===
{{reflist|refs=
<!--<ref name="Civil War Refugees">{{cite web |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CI013.html| title=Civil War Refugees|publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society, [[Oklahoma State University]] |access-date=10 Agustus 2008}}</ref>-->
<ref name="Forrest McDonald 2002">Forrest McDonald, ''States' Rights and the Union: Imperium in Imperio, 1776–1876'' (2002).</ref>
<!--ref name="Lincoln's Call for Troops">{{cite web |url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/lincolntroops.htm |title=Lincoln's Call for Troops}}</ref-->
<!--ref name="Lincoln's Call to Arms">{{cite web|last=Bornstein |first=David |url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/lincoln-declares-war/ |title=Lincoln's Call to Arms |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 April 2011 |access-date=11 Agustus 2011}}</ref-->
<ref name="Proclamation 83 – Increasing the Size of the Army and Navy">{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=70123 |title=Abraham Lincoln: Proclamation 83 – Increasing the Size of the Army and Navy |publisher=Presidency.ucsb.edu |access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="StatsWarCost">{{cite web|last=Nofi|first=Al|author-link=Albert Nofi|title=Statistics on the War's Costs|publisher=Louisiana State University|date=13 Juni 2001|url=http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm|archive-date=11 Juli 2007|access-date=14 Oktober 2007}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="United States Volunteers – Indian Troops">{{cite web |date=28 Januari 2008 |url=http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unindtr.htm |title=United States Volunteers – Indian Troops |work=civilwararchive.com |access-date=10 Agustus 2008}}</ref>-->
<ref name="WarLeader">{{cite journal|last=Fehrenbacher|first=Don|title=Lincoln's Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days|journal=Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association|volume=9|issue=1|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jala;view=text;rgn=main;idno=2629860.0009.103|year=2004|publisher=University of Illinois|access-date=16 Oktober 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="american83">David W. Blight, ''Race and Reunion : The Civil War in American Memory'' (2001).</ref>
<ref name="appomattox">William Marvel, ''Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox'' (2002), pp. 158–81.</ref>
<ref name="approaching">[[Stephen B. Oates]], ''The Approaching Fury: Voices of the Storm 1820–1861'', p. 125.</ref>
<ref name="census74">Railroad length is from: [[Chauncey Depew]] (ed.), ''One Hundred Years of American Commerce 1795–1895'', p. 111; For other data see: [http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860c-01.pdf 1860 U.S. Census] and Carter, Susan B., ed. ''The Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition'' (5 vols), 2006.</ref>
<ref name="charleston">Snell, Mark A., ''West Virginia and the Civil War'', History Press, Charleston, SC, 2011, p. 28.</ref>
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