Solipsisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
Baris 9:
# Solipsisme [[epistemologi]], yang menyatakan bahwa kesadaran manusia tidak dapat mengetahui apa pun selain dirinya sendiri.<ref name="Bagus"/>
# Solipsisme [[metafisika|metafisik]], yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada realitas lain selain diri sendiri.<ref name="Bagus"/> Segala sesuatu yang ada merupakan ciptaan kesadaran seseorang pada saat ia sadar akan hal-hal itu.<ref name="Bagus"/> Dengan demikian, hal-hal lainnya tidak memiliki [[eksistensi]].<ref name="Bagus"/>
=Sejarah==
===Gorgias===
Solipsisme pertama kali ditemukan oleh [[sofis]] [[filsafat pra-Socrates]] dari Yunani Kuno bernama [[Gorgias]] (483–375 SM) yang dikutip oleh Seorang filosof [[skeptisme]] dari [[Romawi Kuno]] bernama [[Sextus Empiricus]] seperti yang telah dinyatakan:<ref name="Craig(Firm)1998">{{cite book|author1=Edward Craig|author2=Routledge (Firm)|title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Genealogy to Iqbal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5m5z_ca-qDkC&pg=PA146|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis US|isbn=978-0-415-18709-1|page=146}}</ref>
* Tidak ada yang ada.
* Meskipun sesuatu itu ada, tidaka ada yang diketahui tentang hal itu.
* Bahkan jika sesuatu dapat diketahui mengenai hal tersebut, pengetahuan tentang hal itu tidak dapat dihubungkan dengan hal lain.
Banyak inti pembelajaran dari para Sofis adalah menunjukkan pengetahun objektif merupakan ketidakmungkinan yang nyata.
===Descartes===
The foundations of solipsism are in turn the foundations of the view that the individual's understanding of any and all psychological concepts ([[thinking]], [[volition (psychology)|willing]], [[perceiving]], etc.) is accomplished by making an [[analogy]] with his or her own mental states; ''i.e.'', by [[abstraction]] from ''inner experience''. And this view, or some variant of it, has been influential in philosophy since [[René Descartes|Descartes]] elevated the search for incontrovertible certainty to the status of the ''primary goal'' of [[epistemology]], whilst also elevating epistemology to "first philosophy".{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}
===Berkeley===
[[File:John Smibert - Bishop George Berkeley - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[George Berkeley]] by [[John Smybert]], 1727]]
[[George Berkeley]]'s arguments against [[materialism]] in favour of [[idealism]] provide the solipsist with a number of arguments not found in Descartes. While Descartes defends ontological [[mind-body dualism|dualism]], thus accepting the existence of a material world (''[[res extensa]]'') as well as immaterial minds (''[[res cogitans]]'') and God, Berkeley denies the existence of matter but not minds, of which God is one.<ref name="Jones2009">{{cite book |first1=N. |last1=Jones |first2=G. |last2=Berkeley |year=2009 |title=Starting with Berkeley |series=Starting with |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-1-84706-186-7 |lccn=2008053026 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6ukEYxbW5UC&pg=PA105 |page=105}}</ref>
of the sophists was to show that objective knowledge was a literal impossibility.
===Descartes===
The foundations of solipsism are in turn the foundations of the view that the individual's understanding of any and all psychological concepts ([[thinking]], [[volition (psychology)|willing]], [[perceiving]], etc.) is accomplished by making an [[analogy]] with his or her own mental states; ''i.e.'', by [[abstraction]] from ''inner experience''. And this view, or some variant of it, has been influential in philosophy since [[René Descartes|Descartes]] elevated the search for incontrovertible certainty to the status of the ''primary goal'' of [[epistemology]], whilst also elevating epistemology to "first philosophy".{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}
===Berkeley===
[[File:John Smibert - Bishop George Berkeley - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[George Berkeley]] by [[John Smybert]], 1727]]
[[George Berkeley]]'s arguments against [[materialism]] in favour of [[idealism]] provide the solipsist with a number of arguments not found in Descartes. While Descartes defends ontological [[mind-body dualism|dualism]], thus accepting the existence of a material world (''[[res extensa]]'') as well as immaterial minds (''[[res cogitans]]'') and God, Berkeley denies the existence of matter but not minds, of which God is one.<ref name="Jones2009">{{cite book |first1=N. |last1=Jones |first2=G. |last2=Berkeley |year=2009 |title=Starting with Berkeley |series=Starting with |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-1-84706-186-7 |lccn=2008053026 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G6ukEYxbW5UC&pg=PA105 |page=105}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
| |||