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'''Pengobatan dan penangangan COVID-19''' ([[Bahasa Inggris|bahasa Inggris]]: ''Treatment and management of COVID-19'') hingga saat ini belum ditemukan secara spesifik dan efektif.<ref name="BMJLivingReview">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siemieniuk RA, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Zeraatkar D, Izcovich A, Kum E, Pardo-Hernandez H, Rochwerg B, Lamontagne F, Han MA, Liu Q, Agarwal A, Agoritsas T, Chu DK, Couban R, Darzi A, Devji T, Fang B, Fang C, Flottorp SA, Foroutan F, Ghadimi M, Heels-Ansdell D, Honarmand K, Hou L, Hou X, Ibrahim Q, Khamis A, Lam B, Loeb M, Marcucci M, McLeod SL, Motaghi S, Murthy S, Mustafa RA, Neary JD, Qasim A, Rada G, Riaz IB, Sadeghirad B, Sekercioglu N, Sheng L, Sreekanta A, Switzer C, Tendal B, Thabane L, Tomlinson G, Turner T, Vandvik PO, Vernooij RW, Viteri-García A, Wang Y, Yao L, Ye Z, Guyatt GH, Brignardello-Petersen R | display-authors=6 | title=Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis | journal=BMJ | date=July 2020 | doi=10.1136/bmj.m2980 | volume=370 | page=m2980| doi-access=free | pmid=32732190 | pmc=7390912|lang=en}}, Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2021.</ref> Sehingga, cara umum yang bisa dilakukan dalam '''penanganan COVID-19''' yakni dengan dukungan perawatan suportif, yang termasuk di dalamnya ialah pengobatan untuk [[pengobatan simtomatik|meredakan gejala]], melakukan terapi cairan, pemberian dukungan [[oksigen]] dan pengobatan sesuai kebutuhan pasien dengan obat-obatan khususnya untuk mendukung organ vital tubuh yang mengalami dampak buruk dari COVID-19.<ref name="NatureDale Fisher & David Heymann">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fisher D, Heymann D | title = Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19 | journal = BMC Medicine | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 57 | date = Februari 2020 | pmid = 32106852 | pmc = 7047369 | doi = 10.1186/s12916-020-01533-w | doi-access = free|lang=en}} Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2021.</ref><ref name="KuiFang2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu K, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP, Xiao W, Wang YN, Zhong MH, Li CH, Li GC, Liu HG | display-authors = 6 | title = Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province | journal = Chinese Medical Journal | volume = 133 | issue = 9 | pages = 1025–1031 | date = Mei 2020 | pmid = 32044814 | pmc = 7147277 | doi = 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744 | doi-access = free|lang=en}} Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2021.</ref><ref name="Wang Du Zhu Cao 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, Jiang B | title = Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19 | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10228 | pages = e52 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32171074 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30558-4 | publisher = Elsevier BV | pmc = 7270177 | doi-access = free|lang=en}} Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2021.</ref>
 
Sebagian besar penderita COVID-19 tergolong ringan. Dalam hal ini, dukungan perawatan suportif berupa obat-obatan seperti [[parasetamol]] atau [[NSAID]] dibutuhkan untuk meredakan gejala yang umum terjadi (seperti [[demam]], [[nyeri|nyeri tubuh]], [[batuk]]), adanya asupan cairan yang tepat, istirahat, dan wajib bernafas melalui [[hidung]] (pernapasan hidung).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q | title = Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures | journal = Journal of Medical Virology | volume = n/a | issue = n/a | pages = 568–576 | date = Maret 2020 | pmid = 32134116 | doi = 10.1002/jmv.25748 | pmc = 7228347 | doi-access = free }}, Dikases tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martel J, Ko YF, Young JD, Ojcius DM | title = Could nasal breathing help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19 | journal = Microbes and Infection |volume=22|issue = 4–5| pages = 168–171 | date = Mei 2020|pmid =32387333|doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.002|pmc = 7200356}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus recovery: breathing exercises |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-recovery-breathing-exercises |website=www.hopkinsmedicine.org |publisher=Johns Hopkins Medicine|access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref> Menjaga kebersihan tubuh dengan baik dan melakukan [[Diet|diet sehat]] juga direkomendasikan para ahli untuk penanganan COVID-19.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang L, Wang Y, Ye D, Liu Q | title = Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | pages = 105948 |date=Maret 2020|volume = 55|issue=6|pmc = 7156162|doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948|url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300984 | access-date =24 Maret 2021| url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200327232545/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300984 | archive-date = 24 Maret 2021}}</ref> [[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] (''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention'', disingkat CDC) menyarankan agar kasus yang dicurigai mengidap [[virus]] untuk mengisolasi diri di rumah dan memakai [[masker]] wajah.<ref name="CDC2020IfSick">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html |title=What to Do if You Are Sick |vauthors=((U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)) |date=5 April 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=24 Maret 2021|access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref>
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Pasien dengan kasus yang lebih parah memerlukan perawatan di [[rumah sakit]]. Dan pasien yang memiliki [[Oksigen|kadar oksigen]] rendah, disarankan untuk menggunakan [[glukokortikoid]] [[deksametason]], karena dapat mengurangi risiko [[kematian]].<ref name=":3">{{cite journal|date=November 2020 |title=Update to living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|volume=371|pages=m4475|issn=1756-1833|s2cid=227059995}} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Q&A: Dexamethasone and COVID-19|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-dexamethasone-and-covid-19|access-date=24 Maret 2021|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://covid19evidence.net.au/|access-date=24 Maret 2021|website=National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce}}</ref> Masuk ke [[unit perawatan intensif]] untuk [[ventilasi mekanis]] mungkin diperlukan untuk mendukung pernapasan. Oksigenasi membran ekstrakorporeal (''Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation'', disingkat ECMO) telah banyak digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah [[pernapasan|gagal napas]], namun manfaatnya masih dalam tahap pertimbangan.<ref name="Henry 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henry BM | title = COVID-19, ECMO, and lymphopenia: a word of caution|journal=The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine|volume=8|issue=4| pages=e24|date=April 2020|pmid=32178774 | pmc=7118650| publisher=Elsevier BV}} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref>
 
Beberapa [[penelitian klinis|pengobatan eksperimental]] sedang dipelajari secara aktif di [[uji klinis]].<ref name="BMJLivingReview"/> Pada awal [[pandemi COVID-19]] ada beberapa pengobatan dianggap baik, seperti [[Hydroxychloroquine|hydroxychloroquine]] dan [[lopinavir/ritonavir]], namun melalui penelitian menemukan bahwa obat tersebut tidak efektif atau bahkan berbahaya untuk dikonsumsi.<ref name="BMJLivingReview"/><ref name="Kim Read Fauci p=2149"/><ref name="NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement"/> Penelitian masih sedang berlangsung, akan tetapi belum ada obat yang bisa direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan dini.<ref name="Kim Read Fauci p=2149">{{cite journal | last1=Kim | first1=Peter S. | last2=Read | first2=Sarah W. | last3=Fauci | first3=Anthony S. |author-link3=Anthony Fauci | title=Therapy for Early COVID-19 | journal=JAMA | publisher=American Medical Association (AMA) | volume=324 | issue=21 | date=1 Desember 2020|pages=2149–2150 |issn=0098-7484 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.22813 | doi-access=free }} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021</ref><ref name="NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement"/> Namun demikian, di [[Amerika Serikat]], ada dua [[terapi]] berbasis [[antibodi monoklonal]] yang bisa digunakan sebagai pengobatan awal untuk kasus yang dianggap memiliki risiko tinggi berkembang menjadi penyakit yang parah.<ref name="NIHGuidelinesTherapeuticManagement">{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management |website=www.nih.gov |publisher=National Institutes of Health |access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref> Antiviral [[remdesivir]] telah tersedia di Amerika Serikat, [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], dan beberapa negara lain; namun, cara ini tidak disarankan untuk orang yang membutuhkan [[ventilasi mekanis]], dan sama sekali tidak disarankan oleh [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO),<ref name="Hsu p=m4457">{{cite journal | last=Hsu | first=Jeremy | title=Covid-19: What now for remdesivir? | journal=BMJ | date=2020-11-19 | volume=371 | issn=1756-1833 | doi=10.1136/bmj.m4457 | page=m4457|doi-access=free }} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021</ref> karena bukti kemanjurannya masih terbatas.<ref name="BMJLivingReview"/>
 
== Pengobatan ==
[[File:Covid-19 San Salvatore 09.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Seorang [[Anestesiologi | dokter anestesi]] yang kelelahan di [[Pesaro]], [[Italia]], Maret 2020]]
 
Sejak bulan Februari 2021, di [[Amerika Serikat]], [[remdesivir]] memiliki persetujuan FDA untuk pasien COIVD-19 tertentu, dan ada [[Otorisasi Penggunaan Darurat | Otorisasi Penggunaan Darurat]] untuk penggunaan [[baricitinib]], [[bamlanivimab]], bamlanivimab/etesevimab, dan [[casirivimab]]/[[imdevimab]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-02-19|title=COVID-19 Frequently Asked Questions: Drugs (Medicines)|url=https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-frequently-asked-questions#drugs|url-status=live|access-date=24 Maret 2021|website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration}}</ref> Sementara di [[Uni Eropa]], penggunaan [[deksametason]] telah didukung, dan [[remdesivir]] memiliki [[Izin pemasaran bersyarat]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Treatments and vaccines for COVID-19: authorised medicines|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/public-health-threats/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/treatments-vaccines/treatments-vaccines-covid-19-authorised-medicines|url-status=live|access-date=24 Maret 2021|website=European Medicines Agency}}</ref> Penggunaan [[Deksametason|deksametason]] memiliki manfaat klinis untuk mengobati COVID-19, sebagaimana ditentukan berdasarkan hasil uji coba terkontrol secara acak.<ref name="ausguidelines">{{cite web |url=https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/L4Q5An/section/L0OPkj |title=Australian guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19 |website=National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce|publisher=National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce|access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref><ref name="Rizk">{{cite journal | last1=Rizk | first1=John G. | last2=Kalantar-Zadeh | first2=Kamyar | last3=Mehra | first3=Mandeep R. | last4=Lavie | first4=Carl J. | last5=Rizk | first5=Youssef | last6=Forthal | first6=Donald N. | title=Pharmaco-Immunomodulatory Therapy in COVID-19 | journal=Drugs | publisher=Springer | volume=80 | issue=13 | date=21 Juli 2020| issn=0012-6667 | doi=10.1007/s40265-020-01367-z | pages=1267–1292| pmid=32696108 | pmc=7372203 | doi-access=free }} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref> Pada awal penelitian, remdesivir memiliki manfaat dalam mencegah [[kematian]] dan memperpendek durasi penyakit, namun hal ini tidak didukung berdasarkan uji coba berikutnya.<ref name="BMJLivingReview" />
 
Beberapa [[obat antivirus]] COVID-19 sedang diteliti, namun belum ada obat yang terbukti efektif mematikan virus berdasarkan uji coba terkontrol acak yang sudah dipublikasikan.<ref name="sanders">{{cite journal|vauthors=Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB|date=April 2020|title=Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review|journal=JAMA|volume=323|issue=18|pages=1824–36|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.6019|pmid=32282022|doi-access=free|s2cid=215752785}} Dikases tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref> Keamanan dan efektivitas [[plasma sembuh]] sebagai pilihan dalam pengobatan juga masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chai KL, Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Kimber C, Monsef I, Doree C, Wood EM, Lamikanra AA, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N | display-authors=6 |date=Oktober 2020|title=Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|pages=CD013600|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub3 }} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref> Percobaan lain sedang dilakukan, apakah obat-obatan dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk melawan reaksi kekebalan tubuh terhadap infeksi [[SARS-CoV-2]].<ref name="sanders" /><ref name="McCreary">{{cite journal|vauthors=McCreary EK, Pogue JM|date=April 2020|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options|journal=Open Forum Infectious Diseases|volume=7|issue=4|pages=ofaa105|doi=10.1093/ofid/ofaa105|pmc=7144823|pmid=32284951}}</ref> Penelitian untuk menemukan pengobatan yang potensial telah dimulai sejak Januari 2020,<ref>{{cite news|date=17 Februari 2020|title=Chinese doctors using plasma therapy on coronavirus, WHO says 'very valid' approach|newspaper=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-hospital-idUSKBN20B1M6|url-status=live|access-date=24 Maret 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304173709/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-hospital-idUSKBN20B1M6|archive-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref> dan beberapa [[antivirus|obat antivirus]] masih sedang dalam uji klinis.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months">{{cite news|last1=Steenhuysen|first1=Julie|last2=Kelland|first2=Kate|date=24 January 2020|title=With Wuhan virus genetic code in hand, scientists begin work on a vaccine|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-vaccines-idUSKBN1ZN2J8|url-status=live|access-date=24 Maret 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125203723/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-vaccines-idUSKBN1ZN2J8|archive-date=24 Maret 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name="clinicaltrialsarena">{{cite web|last=Duddu|first=Praveen|date=19 Februari 2020|title=Coronavirus outbreak: Vaccines/drugs in the pipeline for Covid-19|url=https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219184512/https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/|archive-date=24 Maret 2021|work=clinicaltrialsarena.com|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> Menemukan dan mengembangkan obat baru masih dilakukan hingga tahun 2021,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lu H|date=March 2020|title=Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|journal=Bioscience Trends|volume=14|issue=1|pages=69–71|doi=10.5582/bst.2020.01020|pmid=31996494|doi-access=free}}</ref> dan beberapa obat yang telah diuji sudah disetujui untuk kegunaan lain atau sudah dalam tahap pengujian lebih lanjut.<ref name="LiDeClerq">{{cite journal|vauthors=Li G, De Clercq E|date=March 2020|title=Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|journal=Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery|volume=19|issue=3|pages=149–150|doi=10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0|doi-access=free}} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021</ref> Pengobatan [[antivirus]] dapat diberikan pada pasien dengan tingkat penyakit yang parah.<ref name="NatureDale Fisher & David Heymann" /> Dan WHO merekomendasikan para sukarelawan untuk mengambil bagian dalam uji coba keefektifan dan keamanan perawatan yang potensial.<ref name="ThomReut_notreatment_20200205">{{cite news|last1=Nebehay|first1=Stephanie|last2=Kelland|first2=Kate|last3=Liu|first3=Roxanne|date=5 Februari 2020|title=WHO: 'no known effective' treatments for new coronavirus|agency=[[Thomson Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6|url-status=live|access-date=24 Maret 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205155653/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6|archive-date=24 Maret 2021|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>
 
Melakukan terapi [[Antibodi monoklonal|antibodi monoklonal]], [[bamlanivimab]]/[[etesevimab]] dinyatakan dapat mengurangi jumlah pasien rawat inap, mengurangi jumlah kunjungan ruang gawat darurat dan atau mengurangi jumlah kematian sekitar 60-70%.<ref name="FDA PR 20210209">{{cite press release|title=FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19|website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=10 Februari 2021|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19-0|access-date=24 Maret 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="FDA PR 20201121">{{cite press release|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19|website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)|date=21 November 2020|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19|access-date=21 November 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kedua [[obat kombinasi]] tersebut memiliki [[izin penggunaan darurat]] oleh [[Food and Drug Administration]] Amerika Serikat.<ref name="FDA PR 20210209" /><ref name="FDA PR 20201121" />
 
Mengonsumsi [[obat bebas]] seperti [[parasetamol]] atau [[ibuprofen]], minum cairan, dan istirahat yang cukup, dapat membantu meringankan gejala yang muncul.<ref name="AutoDW-63">{{cite web |url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus |title=Coronavirus |work=WebMD |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201075444/https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus |archive-date=24 Maret 2021|access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref><ref name="CDC Prevention">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html |title=Prevention & Treatment |date=15 Febsruari 2020|work=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215193934/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/prevention.html |archive-date=24 Maret 2021|access-date=24 Maret 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Merujuk pada tingkat keparahan pasien, penggunaan [[terapi oksigen]] dan [[terapi intravena| cairan intravena]] memungkinkan untuk dilakukan.<ref name="BMJ2020Best">{{cite web |url=https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000165?q=Coronavirus,%202019%20novel&c=suggested |title=Overview of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)—Summary of relevant conditions |work=[[The BMJ]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131054900/https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000165?q=Coronavirus,%202019%20novel&c=suggested |archive-date=24 Maret 2021|access-date=24 Maret 2021}}</ref> Beberapa obat yang dianggap ampuh untuk mengobati, namun dalam penelitian, ternyata tidak efektif dan bahkan tidak aman untuk dikonsumsi pasien, beberapa obat tersebut termasuk diantaranya; [[baloxavir marboxil]], [[favipiravir]], [[lopinavir]] / [[ritonavir]], [[ruxolitinib]], [[klorokuin]], [[hidroksiklorokuin]], [[interferon beta-1a|interferon β-1a]], dan juga [[Kolkisina|kolkisin]].<ref name=":1" />
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=== Ventilasi mekanis ===
Sebagian besar pasien COVID-19 masuk dalam kategori tidak parah dan tidak memerlukan [[ventilasi mekanis]] atau alternatifnya, namun beberapa kasus memerlukan ventilasi mekanis.<ref name="murthy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA | title = Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | volume = 323 | issue = 15 | pages = 1499–1500 | date = Maret 2020 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.3633 | url = https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996 |access-date=24 Maret 2021| url-status = live | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200318203852/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996 | archive-date =24 Maret 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=28 Januari 2020|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf|access-date=24 Maret 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226041620/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Jenis bantuan pernapasan untuk pasien COVID-19 yang mengalami [[gagal napas]] sedang dipelajari secara aktif, dan beberapa bukti bahwa [[intubasi trakea|intubasi]] dapat dihindari dengan [[Heated humidified high -flow therapy |''high flow nasal cannula'']] atau [[Positive airway pressure|''dwi-level positive airway pressure'']].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang K, Zhao W, Li J, Shu W, Duan J | title = The experience of high-flow nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in two hospitals of Chongqing, China | journal = Annals of Intensive Care | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 37 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32232685 | pmc = 7104710 | doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00653-z }}</ref> Dan tidak diketahui apakah salah satu dari keduanya bisa memberikan manfaat yang sama bagi orang yang sakit kritis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = McEnery T, Gough C, Costello RW | title = COVID-19: Respiratory support outside the intensive care unit | journal = The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine | date = April 2020 | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 538–539 | pmid = 32278367 | pmc = 7146718 | doi = 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30176-4 }}</ref> Beberapa dokter lebih suka tetap menggunakan [[ventilasi mekanis]] invasif bila tersedia karena teknik ini dapat membatasi penyebaran partikel [[Aerosol|aerosol]].<ref name="murthy" />
 
Ventilasi mekanis telah dilakukan kepada 79% pasien kritis di rumah sakit, termasuk 62% yang sebelumnya telah menerima perawatan lain. Dari jumlah tersebut 41% meninggal, berdasarkan hasil penelitian di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, Jacobson SD, Meyer BJ, Balough EM, Aaron JG, Claassen J, Rabbani LE, Hastie J, Hochman BR, Salazar-Schicchi J, Yip NH, Brodie D, O'Donnell MR | display-authors=6 |date=Juni 2020 |title=Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet |volume=395|issue=10239|pages=1763–70|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31189-2|doi-access=free|title-link=doi }} Diakses tanggal 24 Maret 2021.</ref>
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengobatan_dan_penanganan_COVID-19"