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{{about||the drug used for hypertension|Lasix|the Slovakian footballer|Richard Lásik}}
{{hapus|iklan}}
{{Distinguish|Lasic (disambiguation){{!}}Lasic|Lassik (disambiguation){{!}}Lassik}}
''Laser In Situ Keratomileusis'' atau Lasik adalah prosedur laser untuk mengoreksi gangguan refraksi ([[rabun jauh]], [[rabun dekat]], [[astigmatisma]]) sehingga terbebas dari alat bantu penglihatan seperti [[kacamata]] dan [[lensa kontak]].<ref>[https://nationallasikcenter.id/lasik/ Lasik]</ref>
{{short description|Corrective ophthalmological surgery}}
{{Infobox medical intervention
| Name = LASIK
| Image = US Navy 070501-N-5319A-007 Capt. Joseph Pasternak, an ophthalmology surgeon at National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, lines up the laser on Marine Corps Lt. Col. Lawrence Ryder's eye before beginning LASIK IntraLase surgery.jpg
| Caption = LASIK surgery using an [[excimer laser]] at [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center|US National Naval Medical Center Bethesda]]
| field = [[Ophthalmology]], [[optometry]]
| ICD10 =
| ICD9 = {{ICD9proc|11.71}}
| MeshID = D020731
| OPS301 =
| MedlinePlus = 007018
| OtherCodes =
}}
 
'''LASIK''' or '''Lasik''' (''[[laser]]-assisted [[in situ]] [[keratomileusis]]''), commonly referred to as '''laser eye surgery''' or '''laser vision correction''', is a type of [[refractive surgery]] for the correction of [[myopia]], [[hyperopia]], and [[astigmatism (eye)|astigmatism]].<ref name="NYT-20180611" /> LASIK surgery is performed by an [[ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] who uses a [[laser]] or [[microkeratome]] to reshape the eye's [[cornea]] in order to improve [[visual acuity]].<ref name="Finn">{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/medical-mystery-preparation-for-surgery-revealed-cause-of-deteriorating-eyesight/2011/11/26/gIQAwVLj4O_story.html | work=The Washington Post | first=Peter | last=Finn | date=20 December 2012 | title=Medical Mystery: Preparation for surgery revealed cause of deteriorating eyesight}}</ref> For most people, LASIK provides a long-lasting alternative to [[eyeglasses]] or [[contact lens]]es.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.irishtimes.com/health-and-beauty/laser-eye-surgery-in-ireland/ | work=The Irish Times | title=Laser Eye Surgery | first=Stephen | last=Maguire}}</ref>
Pada dasarnya, Lasik adalah salah satu metode dalam ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC). Namun, sebagian besar masyarakat mengenal metode ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC) dengan sebutan Lasik.
 
LASIK is most similar to another surgical corrective procedure, [[photorefractive keratectomy]] (PRK), and [[Photorefractive keratectomy#LASEK|LASEK]]. All represent advances over [[radial keratotomy]] in the surgical treatment of [[refractive error]]s of vision. For patients with moderate to high [[myopia]] or thin corneas which cannot be treated with LASIK and PRK, the [[phakic intraocular lens]] is an alternative.<ref name=lovisolo>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lovisolo CF, Reinstein DZ | title = Phakic intraocular lenses | journal = Survey of Ophthalmology | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 549–87 | date = Nov–Dec 2005 | pmid = 16263370 | doi = 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.08.011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sanders DR, Vukich JA | title = Comparison of implantable contact lens and laser assisted in situ keratomileusis for moderate to high myopia | journal = Cornea | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 324–31 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12792475 | doi = 10.1097/00003226-200305000-00009 | s2cid = 21142105 }}</ref> As of 2018, roughly 9.5 million Americans have had LASIK<ref name="NYT-20180611">{{cite news |last=Rabin |first=Roni Caryn |title=Lasik's Risks Are Coming Into Sharper Focus – Some patients who undergo the eye surgery report a variety of side effects. They may persist for years, studies show. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/well/lasik-complications-vision.html |date=June 11, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bmctoday.net/crstodayeurope/2013/02/article.asp?f=ndyag-treatment-of-epithelial-ingrowth|title=Nd:YAG Treatment of Epithelial Ingrowth |first1=Dan |last1=Lindfield |first2=Tom |last2=Poole | name-list-style = vanc |publisher=Cataract and Refractive Surgery Today|access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> and, globally, between 1991 and 2016, more than 40 million procedures were performed.<ref name="EW-20160401">{{cite web |last=Stodola |first=Ellen |title=LASIK worldwide |url=https://www.eyeworld.org/article-lasik-worldwide |date=April 1, 2016 |work=EyeWorld.org |access-date=June 12, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/200906/feature.cfm?|title=A Look at LASIK Past, Present and Future|publisher=EyeNet Magazine|access-date=12 September 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731030413/http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/200906/feature.cfm|archive-date=31 July 2013}}</ref>
== Sejarah Lasik ==
However, the procedure seems to be a declining option for many in the United States, dropping more than 50 percent, from about 1.5 million surgeries in 2007 to 604,000 in 2015, according to the eye-care data source Market Scope.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schoenberg |first1=Nara |title=Lasik surgery falling out of favor with patients |journal=Chicago Tribune |date=May 23, 2016 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/sc-lasik-loses-luster-health-0525-20160526-story.html}}</ref>
 
A study in the journal ''Cornea'' determined the frequency with which LASIK was searched on Google from 2007 to 2011.<ref name="stein etal">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stein JD, Childers DM, Nan B, Mian SI | title = Gauging interest of the general public in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis eye surgery | journal = Cornea | volume = 32 | issue = 7 | pages = 1015–8 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23538615 | pmc = 3679260 | doi = 10.1097/ICO.0b013e318283c85a }}</ref> Within this time frame, LASIK searches declined by 40% in the United States.<ref name="stein etal" /> Countries such as the U.K. and India also showed a decline, 22% and 24% respectively.<ref name="stein etal" /> Canada, however, showed an increase in LASIK searches by 8%.<ref name="stein etal" />
=== Periode 1960-an ===
By 2015 in the US, LASIK declined by 50%. This decrease in interest can be attributed to several factors: the emergence of [[Refractive surgery|refractive cataract surgery]], the economic recession in 2008, and unfavorable media coverage from the FDA's 2008 press release on LASIK.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Corcoran KJ | title = Macroeconomic landscape of refractive surgery in the United States | journal = Current Opinion in Ophthalmology | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 249–54 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26058020 | doi = 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000159 | s2cid = 11842503 }}</ref>
Pada 1960-an, Profesor José Ignacio Barraquer Moner mengembangkan prosedur autoplastik untuk memperbaiki gangguan refraksi mata. Prosedur ini diistilahkan dengan ''Keratomileusis''. Istilah inilah yang kemudian dipakai dalam Lasik ''(Laser In Situ Keratomileusis)''.
 
=== Periode 1970-an ===
Pada 1970-an, ahli ilmu mata Rusia, Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov menemukan teknik ''Keratotomi Radial'' (RK). Penemuan ini setelah Svyatoslav Fyodorov melihat seorang anak muda yang rabun mengalami luka pada kornea akibat pecahan kaca dan ternyata penglihatannya membaik setelah luka itu sembuh.
 
=== Periode 1980-an ===
Pada 1980-an, Dr Steven Trokel memperkenalkan ''Photorefractive Keratectomy'' (PRK). Inilah yang menjadi generasi pertama ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC).
 
=== Periode 1990-an ===
Pada tahun 1992, Stephen Slade dan Stephen Brint melakukan LASIK pertama di AS. Pada tahun 1993, Slade menggunakan microkeratome otomatis untuk membuat flap. Dia menyebut prosedur ''excimer ALK'' (E-ALK) atau ''flap''.
 
=== Periode 2000-an ===
Pada tahun 2001, FDA menyetujui ''Laser IntraLase'' yang merupakan laser ''femtosecond'' pertamanya untuk Lasik tanpa pisau di Amerika Serikat. ''IntraLase Inc.'' kemudian mengenalkan beberapa model baru laser ini dengan sejumlah fitur-fitur yang semakin canggih.
 
Setelah itu, lahirlah generasi ketiga Lasik yaitu SMILE yang merupakan teknologi [[Carl Zeiss AG|Zeiss]].<ref>[https://ciputrasmgeyeclinic.com/sejarah-lasik/ Sejarah Lasik]</ref>
 
== Metode Lasik ==
Ada tiga teknik ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC) yang masyarakat umum menyebut semuanya sebagai lasik. Pertama, ''Relex Smile''. Kedua, ''Femto Lasik''. Dan ketiga, ''Lasek'' (PRK). <ref>Dimitri T. Azar, Douglas D. Koch. LASIK: Fundamentals, Surgical Techniques, and Complications. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002</ref>
 
=== Relex Smile ===
ReLEx® SMILE ''(Refractive Lenticule Extraction – Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)'' adalah metode bedah refraktif yang lebih canggih dari PRK dan Lasik, hampir  tidak terasa sakit dan pemulihannya lebih cepat.
 
Relex Smile merupakan generasi ketiga ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC). Ia lebih canggih dari PRK dan Lasik. Prosedurnya hanya membutuhkan sedikit sayatan (2-4mm) sehingga rasa sakitnya hampir tidak terasa. Ia juga tanpa [[Flap (kedokteran)|flap]].
 
Selain itu, Relex Smile juga dapat meminimalisasi efek samping pasca operasi seperti mata kering. Secara keseluruhan, prosedur Relex Smile cenderung sangat nyaman dan proses pemulihan penglihatan sangat cepat.
 
=== Femto Lasik ===
FEMTO LASIK ''(Laser Assisted In-Situ Keratomielusis)'' adalah metode bedah refraktif terkini untuk mengatasi kelainan refraksi dengan minim rasa sakit dan pemulihan cepat.
 
Femto Lasik merupakan generasi kedua ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC). Proses pemulihan berlangsung cepat, dampak pasca operasi lebih nyaman daripada PRK, dan efek terjadinya mata kering pasca lasik lebih ringan.
 
=== Lasek (PRK) ===
PRK adalah singkatan dari ''Photorefractive Keratectomy''. Yakni prosedur bedah refraktif yang masih tetap digunakan untuk pasien Lasik dengan kondisi [[mata]] tertentu.
 
PRK atau sering disebut Lasek merupakan generasi pertama ''Laser Vision Correction'' (LVC). Prosedur PRK dilakukan dengan ablasi atau dilepasnya permukaan [[kornea]].
 
== Referensi ==
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasik"