Pengguna:Imamsyahid/Pengembangan Obat Covid-199: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

=== Uji Coba Solidaritas dan Penemuan Internasional ===

 

Obat individu atau kombinasi yang menjalani studi awal adalah 1) [[Lopinavir|kombinasi lopinavir]] - [[ritonavir]], 2) lopinavir-ritonavir dikombinasikan dengan [[Interferon tipe I|interferon-beta]], 3) [[remdesivir]] atau 4) (hidroksi) [[klorokuin]] yang diuji coba terpisah dan diuji pada lokasi rumah sakit internasional.<ref name="kai">{{Cite journal|date=22 March 2020|title=WHO launches global megatrial of the four most promising coronavirus treatments|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/who-launches-global-megatrial-four-most-promising-coronavirus-treatments|journal=Science Magazine|doi=10.1126/science.abb8497|access-date=27 March 2020|vauthors=Kupferschmidt K, Cohen J}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKupferschmidtCohen2020">Kupferschmidt K, Cohen J (22 March 2020). [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/who-launches-global-megatrial-four-most-promising-coronavirus-treatments "WHO launches global megatrial of the four most promising coronavirus treatments"]. ''Science Magazine''. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.abb8497|10.1126/science.abb8497]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="cheng">{{Cite journal|date=April 2020|title=Generating randomized trial evidence to optimize treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic|journal=CMAJ|volume=192|issue=15|pages=E405–E407|doi=10.1503/cmaj.200438|pmc=7162442|pmid=32336678|vauthors=Cheng MP, Lee TC, Tan DH, Murthy S}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFChengLeeTanMurthy2020">Cheng MP, Lee TC, Tan DH, Murthy S (April 2020). [//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162442 "Generating randomized trial evidence to optimize treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic"]. ''CMAJ''. '''192''' (15): E405–E407. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1503/cmaj.200438|10.1503/cmaj.200438]]. [[PubMed Central|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162442 7162442]</span>. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32336678 32336678].</cite></ref> Menyusul studi yang diterbitkan oleh [[The Lancet]] tentang masalah keamanan dengan hydroxychloroquine, WHO menangguhkan penggunaannya dari uji coba Solidaritas pada Mei 2020,<ref name="who-suspend2">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-25|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---25-may-2020|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref><ref name="cheng22">{{Cite news|last=Maria Cheng, Jamey Keaten|date=2020-05-25|title=WHO pauses hydroxychloroquine coronavirus trial over safety concerns|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6983283/who-hydroxychloroquine-trial/|work=Global News|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref> namun mengaktifkannya kembali setelah penelitian tersebut dicabut.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 June 2020|title=WHO restarts HCQ trial after Lancet concern over paper that trashed it|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/who-hydroxychloroquine-trail-restart-lancet-6441507/|work=indianexpress.com|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|quote=When contacted, Soumya Swaminathan, chief scientist at WHO, told The Indian Express: Our data safety monitoring board reviewed the mortality data in Solidarity... They did not have concerns related to mortality between HCQ and standard of care. Hence, we have decided to resume the trial.}}</ref> Namun pada bulan Juni, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat itu tidak memberikan manfaat.<ref name="mulier">{{Cite news|date=2020-06-17|title=Hydroxychloroquine halted in WHO-sponsored COVID-19 trials|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-17/hydroxychloroquine-testing-halted-in-who-sponsored-covid-trial|work=Bloomberg|access-date=2020-06-17}}</ref>

=== Uji Coba Perawatan COVID-19 Adaptif ===

Institut Nasional Alergi dan Penyakit Menular AS (NIAID) memprakarsai desain adaptif dari uji coba Fase III internasional (disebut "ACTT"). Definisi percobaan dari protokol adaptif menyatakan bahwa "Peninjauan hasil sementara untuk memungkinkan penghentian dini jika tidak ditemukan manfaatnya, kemanjuran, atau ada bahaya keamanan. Namun, jika satu terapi terbukti manjur, maka pengobatan ini dapat menjadi kelompok kontrol untuk dijadikan perbandingan dengan pengobatan eksperimental baru."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)|date=2020-12-05|title=A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04280705}}</ref>