Elektrolit: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Etimologi ==
Kata ''elektrolit'' berasal dari [[bahasa Yunani Kuno]] yakni ήλεκτρο- (''ēlectro''-), sebuah awalan yang berkaitan dengan listrik, dan λυτός (''lytos'') yang berarti "dapat dilepaskan atau dilonggarkan".<ref>{{Cite web|title=electrolyte noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{!}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/electrolyte|website=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com|access-date=2020-09-03}}</ref>
== Pembentukan ==
Larutan elektrolit normalnya terbentuk dengan cara melarutkan garam ke sebuah zat [[pelarut]], contohnya air. Komponen individual dari garam kemudian terdisosiasi karena interaksi [[termodinamika|termodinamis]] antara molekul pelarut dan terlarut yang disebut "[[solvasi]]". Salah satu contoh solvasi adalah ketika garam [[sodium klorida|NaCL]] dilarutkan dalam air, maka garam yang berwujud padat akan larut dan mengalami disosiasi:
:NaCl<sub>(s)</sub> → Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>−</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
Zat lain juga dapat bereaksi dengan air dan menghasilkan ion. Contohnya adalah gas [[karbondioksida]] yang apabila dilarutkan dalam air, maka akan terbentuk sebuah larutan yang mengandung ion [[hidronium]], [[karbonat]], dan [[asam karbonat]].
<!--[[Molten salt]]s can also be electrolytes as, for example, when sodium chloride is molten, the liquid conducts electricity. In particular, ionic liquids, which are molten salts with melting points below 100 °C,<ref>{{cite journal |year=2002 |script-title=zh:离子液体研究进展 |url=http://files.instrument.com.cn/FilesCenter/20100725/201072512514137980.pdf |journal={{lang|zh-hans|化学通报}} |language=zh-hans |issue=4 |page=243 |last1=Shi |first1=Jiahua (石家华) |last2=Sun |first2=Xun (孙逊) |first3=Yang |last3=Chunhe (杨春和) |last4=Gao |first4=Qingyu (高青雨) |last5=Li |first5=Yongfang (李永舫) |accessdate=2017-03-01 |issn=0441-3776 |title=Archived copy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302031247/http://files.instrument.com.cn/FilesCenter/20100725/201072512514137980.pdf |archive-date=2 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> are a type of highly conductive non-aqueous electrolytes and thus have found more and more applications in fuel cells and batteries.<ref>
{{cite journal
|author1=Jiangshui Luo |author2=Jin Hu |author3=Wolfgang Saak |author4=Rüdiger Beckhaus |author5=Gunther Wittstock |author6=Ivo F. J. Vankelecom |author7=Carsten Agert |author8=Olaf Conrad |s2cid=94400312 |year=2011
|title=Protic ionic liquid and ionic melts prepared from methanesulfonic acid and 1H-1,2,4-triazole as high temperature PEMFC electrolytes
|journal=[[Journal of Materials Chemistry]]
|volume=21
|issue=28 |pages=10426–10436
|doi=10.1039/C0JM04306K
}}</ref>
An electrolyte in a solution may be described as "concentrated" if it has a high concentration of ions, or "diluted" if it has a low concentration. If a high proportion of the solute dissociates to form free ions, the electrolyte is strong; if most of the solute does not dissociate, the electrolyte is weak. The properties of electrolytes may be exploited using electrolysis to extract constituent elements and compounds contained within the solution.
Alkaline earth metals form hydroxides that are strong electrolytes with limited solubility in water, due to the strong attraction between their constituent ions. This limits their application to situations where high solubility is required.<ref>Brown, Chemistry: The Central Science, 14th edition, pg. 680.</ref>-->
== Elektrolit dan nonelektrolit ==
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