Tokyo: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Penelitian dan pengembangan di Jepang]] dan [[Program antariksa Jepang|program luar angkasa Jepang]] secara global diwakili oleh beberapa fasilitas medis dan ilmiah Tokyo, termasuk [[Universitas Tokyo]] dan universitas lain di Tokyo, yang bekerja dalam kolaborasi dengan banyak lembaga internasional. Terutama dengan [[Amerika Serikat]], termasuk [[NASA]] dan banyak perusahaan penerbangan luar angkasa swasta,<ref name="The Space Economy in Figures How Space Contributes to the Global Economy: How Space Contributes to the Global Economy 2019 p. 72">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6degDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72|title=The Space Economy in Figures How Space Contributes to the Global Economy: How Space Contributes to the Global Economy|publisher=OECD Publishing|year=2019|isbn=978-92-64-80595-8|page=72|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> universitas-universitas di Tokyo memiliki hubungan kerja dengan semua lembaga [[Ivy League]] (termasuk [[Universitas Harvard|Harvard]], [[Institut Teknologi Massachusetts|MIT]], dan [[Universitas Yale]]),<ref name="Washington Post 2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/college-inc/post/six-colleges-dominate-in-research-stature/2012/03/27/gIQA1gUFeS_blog.html|title=Six colleges dominate in research stature|date=March 27, 2012|website=Washington Post|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> bersama dengan [[universitas riset]] dan [[laboratorium]] pengembangan lainnya, seperti kampus [[Stanford University|Stanford]] dan [[University of California|UC]] di seluruh [[California]],<ref name="News Center 2019">{{cite web|url=https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2019/05/radiation-free-stem-cell-transplants-may-be-within-reach.html|title=Radiation-free stem cell transplants, gene therapy may be within reach|date=May 29, 2019|website=News Center|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref><ref name="UTokyo-Berkeley 2017">{{cite web|url=https://utokyo.ucberkeley.jp/en/index.html|title=UTokyo-Berkeley|date=December 23, 2017|website=UTokyo-Berkeley|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> serta UNM dan [[Sandia National Laboratories]] di [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[New Mexico]].<ref name="QuantumRes">{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31624214|title=Generation of time-domain-multiplexed two-dimensional cluster state.|website=NCBI|publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref><ref name="UNM Rikkyo">{{cite web|url=https://studyabroad.unm.edu/student-programs/rikkyo-university|title=Rikkyo University|website=UNM: Global Education Office|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref><ref name="United States. Department of Energy 1999 p. 166-PA54">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwIxAQAAMAAJ&pg=SL166-PA54|title=Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico: Environmental Impact Statement|author=United States. Department of Energy|year=1999|series=Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico: Environmental Impact Statement|page=166-PA54|access-date=December 24, 2019|issue=v. 1}}</ref> Mitra lain di seluruh dunia termasuk [[Universitas Oxford]] di [[Inggris]],<ref name="University of Oxford Japan Office 2019">{{cite web|url=https://oxfordujapan.org/?lang=en|date=November 30, 2019|website=University of Oxford Japan Office|script-title=ja:オックスフォード大学日本事務所|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> [[Universitas Nasional Singapura]] di [[Singapura]],<ref name="The University of Tokyo">{{cite web|url=https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/events/e_z0103_00002.html|title=The University of Tokyo - National University of Singapore - 1st Joint Symposium - The University of Tokyo|website=The University of Tokyo|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> [[Universitas Toronto]] di [[Kanada]],<ref name="University of Toronto - Learning Abroad 2018">{{cite web|url=https://learningabroad.utoronto.ca/experiences/university-of-tokyo/|title=Exchange: University of Tokyo - University of Toronto|date=May 5, 2018|website=University of Toronto - Learning Abroad|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref> dan [[Universitas Tsinghua]] di [[Cina]].<ref name="清华大学新闻网 2018">{{cite web|url=https://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/thunewsen/9670/2018/20180727151343724600821/20180727151343724600821_.html|title=Tsinghua University News|date=July 27, 2018|publisher=Tsinghua University|access-date=December 24, 2019}}</ref>

[[Tokyo Subway|Jaringan kereta bawah tanah]] dan komuter Tokyo menjadi salah satu yang tersibuk di dunia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr25/pdf/f04_oka.pdf|title=Rail Transport in The World's Major Cities|publisher=Japan Railway and Transport Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025030339/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr25/pdf/f04_oka.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2007|dead-url=yes|accessdate=October 17, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> karena semakin besarnya gelombang urbanisasi ke daerah ini. Pada 1980-an, harga [[Lahan yasan|real estat]] meroket selama [[Penggelembungan harga aset di Jepang|penggelembungan harga aset Jepang]]. Gelembung itu meledak pada awal 1990-an, dan banyak perusahaan, bank, dan individu yang terperangkap utang hipotik, sementara real estat menyusut nilainya. Sehingga terjadilah [[resesi]] besar yang membuat [[dekade]] 1990-an sebagai "[[Dasawarsa yang Hilang (Jepang)|dekade hilang]]" di Jepang,<ref>{{cite book|last=Saxonhouse|first=Gary R. (ed.)|coauthors=Robert M. Stern (ed.)|title=Japan's Lost Decade: Origins, Consequences and Prospects for Recovery|publisher=[[Blackwell Publishing Limited]]|year=2004|isbn=1405119179}}</ref> namun resesi tersebut akhirnya bisa diatasi dengan baik.