Yahudi (agama): Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{utama|Sejarah Israel dan Yehuda kuno|Pembuangan ke Babilonia|Yudaisme Helenistik|Hashmonayim|Yudea (provinsi Romawi)|Perang Bar Kokhba}}
Diriwayatkan dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] bahwa [[Kerajaan Israel (kerajaan bersatu)|Kerajaan Israel sebagai negara kesatuan]], dengan Yerusalem sebagai ibu kotanya, terbentuk di bawah kepemimpinan [[Saul]] dan bertahan sampai ke masa pemerintahan [[Daud]] serta [[Salomo]]. Sepeninggal Salomo, negara kesatuan ini pecah menjadi dua kerajaan, yakni [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Kerajaan Israel]] di sebelah utara dengan Samaria sebagai ibu kotanya, dan [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] di sebelah selatan dengan Yerusalem sebagai ibu kotanya. Kerajaan Israel ditaklukkan pada penghujung abad ke-8 SM oleh [[Sargon II]], Raja [[Asyur]], dan banyak warga Samaria yang ditawan dan dibuang ke Media dan daerah lembah [[Sungai Kebar]]. [[Kerajaan Yehuda]] tetap merdeka sampai akhirnya ditaklukkan pada permulaan abad ke-6 SM oleh bala tentara Babel. [[Bait Pertama|Hailkal yang pertama]] diluluhlantakkan, dan sekalian warga terkemuka Kerajaan Yehuda dibuang ke [[Babilonia|Babel]]. Pembuangan warga Yehuda ke Babel dianggap sebagai Diaspora Yahudi yang pertama. Banyak dari antara mereka akhirnya pulang ke tanah leluhur sesudah Babel ditaklukkan [[
During the early years of the Second Temple, the highest religious authority was a council known as the Great Assembly, led by Ezra of the Book of Ezra. Among other accomplishments of the Great Assembly, the last books of the Bible were written at this time and the canon sealed.
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[[Hellenistic Judaism]] spread to [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] from the 3rd century BCE. After [[First Jewish–Roman War|the Great Revolt]] (66–73 CE), the Romans destroyed the Temple. [[Hadrian]] built a pagan idol on the Temple grounds and prohibited circumcision; these acts of ethnocide provoked the [[Bar Kokhba revolt]] 132–136 CE after which the Romans banned the study of the [[Torah]] and the celebration of Jewish holidays, and forcibly removed virtually all Jews from Judea. In 200 CE, however, Jews were granted Roman citizenship and Judaism was recognized as a ''[[religio licita]]'' ("legitimate religion") until the rise of [[Gnosticism]] and [[Early Christianity]] in the fourth century.
Following the destruction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of the Jews, Jewish worship stopped being centrally organized around the Temple, prayer took the place of sacrifice, and worship was rebuilt around the community (represented by a minimum of ten adult men) and the establishment of the authority of rabbis who acted as teachers and leaders of individual communities (see [[Jewish diaspora]]).-->
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